大專運動員完美主義、目標取向及特質性焦慮對競技倦怠之相關與預測研究

The Goal Orientations and Trait Anxiety of Intercollegiate Athletes' Burnout

陳瓊茶(Chiung-Cha Cheng)

《大專體育學刊》 7卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 101-113

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200503_7(1).0008

摘要

本研究目的在瞭解大專運動員完美主義、目標取向及特質性焦慮與競技倦怠之關係與預測。本研究以輔大、師大、東吳、世新等四校甲乙組429位運動員為受試對象，平均年齡20.53歲，標準差1.55歲。本研究使用的測量工具包括「多層面完美主義量表」、「運動目標取向量表」、「伊利諾州競賽問卷」、「運動員競技倦怠量表」。所有資料以t考驗、皮爾遜積差相關及多元逐步迴歸進行分析。研究結果發現：一、甲乙組運動員在個人標準、組織、父母期望、父母責難、懷疑行動、在乎失誤、自我取向、情緒與身體的耗竭、心理上的退縮、教練與隊友的負面評價以及運動能力的負面自我概念達顯著差異。二、甲組選手運動員倦怠與完美主義之父母責難、懷疑行動及在乎失誤成正相關，而與組織及目標取向之工作取向成負相關。三、甲組選手完美主義的在乎失誤、懷疑行動及特質性焦慮正向預測運動員倦怠，而完美主義之組織及父母期望則負向預測運動員倦怠。四、乙組選手運動員倦怠與完美主義之父母責難、懷疑行動、在乎失誤及特質性焦慮成正相關，而與目標取向之工作取向成負相關。五、乙組選手完美主義之父母責難及特質性焦慮正向預測倦怠，而目標取向之工作取向及完美主義之父母期望負向預測倦怠。本研究結論指出甲乙組運動員預測運動員競技倦怠之人格因素雖略微不同，但大抵與理論預測方向一致，研究結果可提供國內研究與實務上之參考。本研究亦對後續研究方向提出建議。

關鍵字

目標取向 ； 完美主義者 ； 特質性焦慮 ； 運動員競技倦怠

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and prediction of perfectionism, goal orientations, trait anxiety on intercollegiate athletes' burnout. This study sampled 429 Taiwanese intercollegiate athletes (males=226; females=163) with a mean age of 20.53 (SD=±1.55) years old and administered Multi-dimensional Perfectionism (Frost & Henderson, 1990), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) (Duda & Nicholls, 1989), Sport Competition Anxiety Scale (SCAT) (Martens, 1978). A t-test statistical analysis found that the A-class intercollegiate athletes were higher on perfectionism (personal standard, Organization, parental expectation, parental criticism, double about actions, concern over mistakes), and burnout (perceived negative evaluation from coach and teammates) than the B-class intercollegiate athletes. Furthermore, a Pearson Correlation analysis found perfectionism (parental criticism, doubts about action, and concern over mistakes) positively correlated with burnout in both A-class and B-class intercollegiate athletes. Also, task orientation was negatively correlated with burnout but not ego orientation. Furthermore, it was found that trait anxiety was correlated with burnout but only found in the B-class intercollegiate athletes. Moreover, it was found perfectionism, goal orientations, and trait anxiety predicted burnout in both A and B-class intercollegiate athletes. This study concluded that although there were some differences between A-class and B-class athletes in predicting athletes' burnout, the results generally supported the theoretical directions. Also, it is suggested that the results may be applied to domestic Taiwanese athletes. This study also proposed several directions for future research.

並列關鍵字

goal orientation ； perfectionism ； trait anxiety ； athletic burnout

參考文獻

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