- 期刊
影響橄欖球正集團推力之因子探討
An Investigation of the Influential Factors on Pushing Force Produced by Rugby Scrimmaging
摘要
即使橄欖球已是一項很普遍的運動，而等速運動的理論也已在運動醫學領域中已獲得廣泛應用，但使用等速型正集團模擬機直接對於其技巧上的探討並未見於任何文獻，故本研究的目的為：一、擬藉由自行研發的橄欖球正集團模擬機，量測並觀察在40、30、20、0公分／秒四種進程線速度下，在三種姿勢擺位高度（36、38、40%身高百分比）時，兩腳平行及兩腳前後分開各狀況中觀察肌肉作功所能產生的個人正集團最大正向推力強度差異；二、觀察不同姿勢擺位高度下，髖、膝及踝關節的角度變化及與最大推力強度的關係；三、觀察體重效應對最大推力強度的影響。本研究邀請十名大專男同學參加本測試，實驗器材包括自行設計研發的正集團模擬機、三維動作分析系統及一塊力板系統。以各別技巧而言，兩腳並列與兩腳前後兩種技巧並不會影響最大推力強度，最大推力值在三種不同高度下則有明顯差異，在36%身高百分比的姿勢擺位下，較38及40%身高百分比的姿勢擺位下有明顯較低的最大推力值。觀察推力在8秒內之變化情形，可發現在兩腳並列時推力曲線呈現較為平緩趨勢，最大推力的平均到達時間約為較早，而兩腳前後之推力曲線呈現上升趨勢，最大推力的平均到達時間較晚。另外，平行站立下，體重對整體最大推力之效益明顯大於前後腳站立時。除此之外，三種身高百分比的姿勢擺位的平均關節角度除了在平行站立正集團時髖關節角度上有明顯差異，其餘皆無明顯差異，然而其並非主要影響最大推力的因子，主要影響平行正集團最大推力的姿勢因子是膝關節角度，當兩腳平行正集團之膝關節角度大於或小於110度時，各別正集團最大推力強度逐漸下降，故早期過多或太少的膝屈曲角度將成為選手正集團時的弱點，需特別注意。
並列摘要
Although rugby is a popular contact sport and the isokinetic theory has recently found widespread application in the field of sports medicine, little research has examined the factors associated with the performance of game-specific skills directly by using the isokinetic-type rugby scrimmaging machine. The purpose of the study was to (1) measure and observe the differences in the maximum individual pushing forward force produced by scrummaging under 40cm/sec, 30cm/sec, 20cm/sec, and 0cm/sec of linear velocity, varying in three different heights (36, 38, 40, percentage of body height) and parallel and non-parallel foot postures, with self-developed rugby scrimmaging machine; (2) observe the variations in hip, knee, and ankle angles at different heights and explore the relationship between these angle values and the individual maximum pushing force; (3) observe the effect of body weight on maximum pushing force. Ten undergraduate male students were invited to participate in the investigation. The experiment equipments included a self-developed rugby scrimmaging machine, a 3-dimensional motion analysis system, and a set of force plate system. From the standpoint of individual techniques, the positions of the feet did not affect the maximum pushing force; however, the results showed significant difference in three different postures. The maximum pushing force was significantly lower in 36% body height than that of 38% and 40%. Although there was no obvious maximum force difference between the two feet- positions, the force changes during the 8-second interval of action were not the same. The force curve was steadier and reached the maximum peak early in parallel feet position, while the curve showed force increased and peaked later in the interval in the cross feet position. Furthermore, the overall maximum pushing force benefited significantly greater from the body weight of parallel feet positions than that of the cross feet positions. In addition, there was no significant difference in average joint angle among the three postures in scrummaging, with the only exception of the hip joint angle in the parallel foot position. However, it was not the major contributor to the pushing force production. It was found that the knee angle under the parallel feet position was a factor closely related in affecting maximum pushing force in scrimmaging. The individual pushing forward force gradually decreased when the knee angle was greater or fewer than 110 degrees. Therefore, excessive or insufficient knees flexion angles at the early stage of scrimmaging could become a major weakness of the scrum, a point that deserves our attention.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 詹宏文（2010）。不同背景變項之大專橄欖球選手團隊凝聚力之研究。海峽兩岸體育研究學報，4(2)，45-58。https://doi.org/10.29534/JBSTSPES.201009.0003
- 王朝仁（1999）。橄欖球比賽活動進行時間及其判處案件之分析研究。大專體育，(46)，65-71。https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.1999.46.19
- 陳優華、黃郁玲（2006）。析論橄欖球教練員提供最佳的訓練效應與訓練排程。大專體育，(86)，156-161。https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.2006.86.24
- 陳中和、徐瑋翔、蔡鈞閔（2011）。高中職學校橄欖球運動代表隊發展與阻礙因素之研究。運動健康休閒學報，(2)，172-180。https://doi.org/10.29961/JSHL.201104.0017
- 黃品靜、陳優華（2009）。The Data Collection and Training Implementations on Rugby Coach。運動傳播學刊，(2)，14-23。https://doi.org/10.29595/ZHWHGX.200911.0002