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冬季西風噴流年際變化

The Wintertime Interannual Variations of Westerly Jet Stream

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摘要


Krishnamurti(1960)分析北半球冬季(12、1、2月)20hPa的副熱帶噴流(subtropical jet stream)特徵可發現:副熱帶噴流以準連續三波的形式分布於20°~45°N之間,在日本附近則有最大風速在150和200kt之間。為瞭解冬季東亞地區副熱帶噴流的年際變化(interannual variations)對台灣地區氣候可能之影響,本文選用了1980~2002年NCEP再分析資料(reanalysis data;2.5°X2.5°)中200hPa之每日緯向風場(u)及中央氣象局台北測站共23年的月降雨比例(rain amount ratio)、月降雨日數與月溫度距平(temperature anomaly)資料做深入分析與探討。 研究結果顯示,東亞地區副熱帶噴流:(1)月平均噴流條(風速≧60m/s者)出區及入區皆有明顯的經、緯度年際變化;(2)季平均噴流條出、入區皆有經度的(longitudinal)變化而無明顯的緯度(latitudinal)年際變化,其中出區2~5年明顯的經度變化可能為噴流內部週期性的振燙或與ENSO(EI Nino Southern Oscillation)擾動有關;(3)台灣地區北部(台北測站)月降雨比例與月平均副熱帶噴流條入區之相關(correlation),以與月平均副熱帶噴流條緯度年際變化(在120°E)的相關性最佳,存有位置偏南(北),降水增加(減少)的關係;與月平均副熱帶噴流條入區之經度年際變化之關係為次之;與月平均副熱帶噴流強度之關係再次之。三者皆以二月份的線性相關較佳。 北非副熱帶噴流與東亞副熱帶噴流間亦存在互動關係,由分析結果可發現當東亞副熱帶噴流向南移動時,多數的北非副熱帶噴流亦會向南移動,反之亦然(往北移動),但較不明顯。分析北非與東亞副熱帶噴流交界處(即風速變異度(variation)相對最大處)之風速年際變化與台灣地區北部(台北測站)月降雨比例之關係亦可發現其存在某些良好之關係。

關鍵字

年際變化 西風噴流 ENSO

並列摘要


Subtropical jet stream at 200 hPa showed a wave-number-three pattern that circulates around the globe between 20-40N in boreal winter. The dominant one is located near Japan with maximal wind speeds that reach between 150-200 kt (Krishnamurti ‘ 1960). In order to understand the influence on Taiwan’s climate by the interannual variations of the wintertime East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EAJ) , the 1980-2002 u-component winds from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the rainfall and temperature data from the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) had been analyzed in this study. It is found that the EAJ showed significant interannual variability: (l) both longitudinally and meridionally for the monthly mean; (2) only latitudinally for the seasonal mean over both the entrance and exit regions. The rainfall in Taiwan was best correlated to the latitudinal variations of the monthly mean EAJ entrance region, the longitudinally the secondary, and the intensity the last. It is also found that the North African jet (NAJ) moved southwards simultaneously with the EAJ, but not as so when moving northwards. The variability in the transition region between the EAJ and the NAJ has been found to have a certain relation to the monthly rainfall in Taiwan area.

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