The purpose of this study was to investigate how after-responses estimation (Est.) and knowledge of results (KR) affect performance and learning of a spatial accuracy movement. Participants (N=40, mean age=22.5 yrs., SD=2.4 yrs.) were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: (a) 100%KR+100%Est., (b) 100%KR+0%Est., (c) 0%KR+100%Est., and (d) 0%KR+0%Est..Dependent variables were absolute value of error (AE), variable error (VE), and absolute objective performance minus subjective estimation(|O-S|). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD method were used for statistical analysis. Within the limitation of this study, results were as follows: (1) Est. and KR combination, Est. alone, and KR alone were compared with the no treatment group, which had positive effects on movement accuracy (p<.05, ES=0.571) and error detection capability (p<.05, ES=0.587) during acquisition, and (2) no effect of either Est., KR, or Est. and KR combination was found on retention, It was concluded that Est. and KR effects were found on acquisition, but not on retention.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how after-responses estimation (Est.) and knowledge of results (KR) affect performance and learning of a spatial accuracy movement. Participants (N=40, mean age=22.5 yrs., SD=2.4 yrs.) were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: (a) 100%KR+100%Est., (b) 100%KR+0%Est., (c) 0%KR+100%Est., and (d) 0%KR+0%Est..Dependent variables were absolute value of error (AE), variable error (VE), and absolute objective performance minus subjective estimation(|O-S|). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD method were used for statistical analysis. Within the limitation of this study, results were as follows: (1) Est. and KR combination, Est. alone, and KR alone were compared with the no treatment group, which had positive effects on movement accuracy (p<.05, ES=0.571) and error detection capability (p<.05, ES=0.587) during acquisition, and (2) no effect of either Est., KR, or Est. and KR combination was found on retention, It was concluded that Est. and KR effects were found on acquisition, but not on retention.
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