在體育活動中兒童對運氣、工作難度的能力概念分化之研究

The Study of the Differentiation of Concepts of Luck, Difficulty, and Ability in the Physical Domain

季力康(Likang Chi)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 3期 (2003/11) Pp. 59-81

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20031101_(3).0004

摘要

本研究的目的在於探討在體育活動中兒童能力概念的發展中工作難度和能力以及運氣和能力的分化情形。本研究是採用質的研究來驗證Nicholls所提出的成就動機發展理論，以了解從五歲到十四歲的男女兒童對運動技能方面的運氣和能力以及工作難度和能力分化情形。本研究採橫斷法以200名受試者，其中包括10個年齡層的男女學童各10位。本研究使用設計的遲動圖片給受試者觀看後，進行訪談以判斷兒童在體育活動中工作難度和能力以及運氣和能力的分化情形。本研究之結果發現兒童對運氣、工作難度和能力概念確有其發展的階段，其中運氣與能力概念的分化階段符合Nicholls所提出的三個階段。依據研究結果將兒童對工作難度與能力概念的發展區分為四個階段較為符合。研究結果亦發現兒童會隨著年齡而發展漸趨成熟。在性別差異方面，男生和女生在工作難度和能力以及運氣和能力的概念發展上並無明顯的差異。

關鍵字

運氣 ； 工作難度 ； 能力概念 ； 目標涉入

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiation of concepts of luck and ability, and difficulty and ability in physical domain. Two hundred subjects age ranged from 5 to 14 years (10 boys and 10 girls at each age) were recruited in this study. Subjects were asked to participate in two sessions. In each session, subjects were asked to watch pictures and then were interviewed to understand their differentiation of the concepts of difficulty and ability, and luck and ability. The results of this study indicated that differentiation of the concepts of luck and ability was in accord with Nicholls’ theory. However, differentiation of the concepts of difficulty and ability was not consistent to Nicholls’ three stages. The results indicated that four stages fitted the data better. The results also indicated that there was no gender differences among the differentiation of the concepts of difficulty and ability, and luck and ability.

並列關鍵字

luck ； task difficulty ； concept of ability ； goal involvement

參考文獻

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