應用Malmquist 生產力指數於臺灣區自來水事業區處的效率評估

Using the Malmquist Production Index to Evaluate the Efficiency of Water Supply Pegion in Taiwan

莊忠柱(Chung-Chu Chuang) ； 張晃铭(Huang-Ming Chang)

《健康管理學刊》 2卷1期 (2004/06) Pp. 61-91

https://doi.org/10.29805/JHM.200406.0005

摘要

本研究利用臺灣區自來水十三個區處（省自來水公司十二個區處與臺北自來水事業處一個區處）八十七年至九十一年間的二項投入項（員額人數、固定資產）與三產出項（計費水量、用戶數、水費收入）資料，透過Malmquist生產力指數資料，評估各區處的效率分析，並提出改善方向，以做為管理者的參考。SBM效率分析與整體技術效率分析得知各區處均有成本浪費現象，應減少投入或增加產出，使各區處達到有效率。純技術效率分析發現91年純技術效率平均值都比往年高，表示技術有提高的傾向。規模效率分析發現必須同時透過改善投入、產出的比率與調整生產規模，才能達到有效率境界。根據混合效率分析，可由調整投入與產出的配合、或調整規模、或調整投入與產出的比率，以提昇經營效率。根據差額變數分析，建議管理者在投入與產出項數量上，應作改善。根據Malmquist生產力指數分析，將臺灣區自來水各區處的經營型態，分為四種類型：(1)不負所托型、(2)奮發向上型、(3)老天保佑型、(4)坐吃山空型，並提供改進建議，期使自來水事業的資源更能有效運用，充分發揮組織效能。

關鍵字

資料包絡分析法 ； 規模效率 ； 純技術效率 ； 混合效率 ； Malmquist生產力指數

並列摘要

This study is to investigate the evaluation of efficiency of 13 regions of water supply regions (twelve regions of Taiwan Water Corporation and one of Taipei Water Department) on Malmquist production index from 1998 to 2002. Two inputs (number of employees and fixed assets) and three outputs (quantity of billed water, number of consumer units and water revenues) are used. The results can provide the directions of improvement for managers. According to the SBM efficiency analysis and aggregative technical efficiency analysis, the research finds all regions waste their costs, so they should decrease the inputs or increase the outputs to make all regions efficient. By the pure technology analysis, the mean of pure efficiency in 2002 is higher than the past, and it shows the technology has been enhanced. Based on the scale efficiency analysis, it must improve the input, the ratio of the output, and adjust the scale of productivity to increase the efficiency. The mixed efficiency analysis advises to adjust the mix of the inputs and outputs or the scale or the ratio of the inputs and outputs to enhance the management efficiency. The slack variables analysis suggests managers should improve the numbers of inputs and outputs. According to the Malmquist product quotient analysis, all regions of all Taiwan Water Corporation could be classified to four types: (1) Completely-Accomplishment (2) Working- Hard (3) God-bless (4) prodigal-son. The research not only analyzes the management efficiency of all regions, but also provides the suggestions to make the use of resources effective, and enhances the productivity and the service quality to extend the organization effectiveness.

並列關鍵字

Data Envelopment Analysis ； Scale Efficiency ； Pure Technical Efficiency ； Mix Efficiency ； Malmquist product quotient analysis