“被遺忘的人類”還是“黃昏民族”？－從我國原住民政策的發展看民族平等在現階段台灣社會之實踐

"A Forgotten People" or "A Sunset Nation"?-Ethnic Policy Development and Ethnic Equality in Contemporary Taiwan

張國聖(Kuo-Sheng Chang)

《通識研究集刊》 8期 (2005/12) Pp. 89-105

https://doi.org/10.6488/JCGE.200512.0089

摘要

在當代民族發展的課題上，民族平等是一個非常複雜但卻為重要而突出的問題，特別是涉及到民族的內涵以及歷史文化發展過程所建構出來的民族認同問題。近代民族國家的形成，現代國家的疆域與主權的特性亦對民族的發展形成了外在的制約力量，而民主化的潮流卻同時促進民族對自身權益的重視，這就對民族與國家的關係產生了一定程度的緊張關係。即就我國的發展情況而言，由於特殊的歷史與政治原因，使得我國的民主化發展與法治建設都與內部族群間共識的凝聚和平等權的制度性保障無法脫離，從而益發彰顯民族平等在社會實踐上的重要性。
本文主旨在於從各種攸關民族議題的基本概念著手，討論種族、部落、民族、原住民、少數民族、族群關係、民族同化、民族自決、文化多元主義，並就我國原住民政策的發展角度，以及法制政策的實踐層面，共同呈現出我國民族平等政策的發展，進而以此為基礎，探討現階段我國原住民族發展的主要課題。

關鍵字

種族 ； 民族 ； 原住民 ； 少數民族 ； 族群關係 ； 民族平等

並列摘要

The complicated interconnection between ethnicity and national identity is undeniably a significant socio-political issue nowadays. The modern concept of nation and the recent trend of democratization render more room for the recognition of the individual as opposed to the hegemonic whole, which thus justifies the foregrounding of ethnic identity recognition and ethic equality. Taiwan's history proves that democratization and legal policy making implicate ethnicity, as the rights of ethnic groups have never failed to attract attention.
This paper discusses the significance of ethnic equality in Taiwan's policy formation. By reviewing the meanings of fundamental concepts such as race, tribe, nation, indigenous peoples, minority, inter-ethnic group relationship, assimilation, self-determination and multiculturalism, the paper attempts to outline the major features of Taiwan's ethnic policy development and to examine how far Taiwan's ethnic policy has approximated the ideal of ethnic equality.

並列關鍵字

race ； nation ； indigenous peoples ； minority ； inter-ethnic group relationship ； ethnic equality