Investigations on the Density and Breeding Habitats of Aedes Mosquitoes in Dengue Epidemic Areas in Taiwan

台灣登革熱流行區斑蚊密度及孳生場所調查

黃基森(Ji-Sen Hwang) ； 徐爾烈(Err-Lieh Hsu) ； 陳永仁(Yeong-Ren Chen)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 14卷3期 (1995/06) Pp. 228-236

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1995-14-03-03

摘要

1987年至1991年於登革熱開始發生之地區，立即在病患住家周圍展開斑蚊分布及密度調查，探討埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊生態及其與登革熱流行之關係。結果顯示，九個登革熱流行地區埃及斑蚊密度皆高於白線斑蚊；其中在1989年12月高雄市三民區灣復里未發現有白線斑蚊；證明登革熱之發生埃及斑蚊為主要傳播媒介。在1991年10月調查三民區寶龍里埃及斑蚊密度住宅指數5%、容器指數3%，、布氏指數6（二級），此為台灣地區登革熱發生流行後，被擴散蔓延而成為地方性登革熱發生地區，埃及斑蚊最低臨界密度。依不同流行地區登革熱發生病例證實，埃及斑蚊傳播登革熱臨界密度也受人口密度影響。1987至1991年登革熱爆發地點主要發生在埃及斑蚊為優勢種之都市及沿海地區。截至目前止，仍無有力證據證明台灣地區之白線斑蚊與登革熱流行有直接關係。由台灣南部九個登革熱發生流行區斑蚊孳生場所調查顯示，埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊孳生環境不同，埃及斑蚊孳生場所主要為花器、水桶，白線斑蚊以輪胎及甕為主。就兩種斑蚊孳生場所用途分類，裝飾容器最高32.3%、廢棄容器30.0%、儲水容器24.6%、冰箱之水盤10.4%、積水地下室2.7%。由此顯示，都市化及工商業化結果，導致登革熱病媒孳生容器種類、材質及其屋內外分布改變，而使埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊分布及密度異於往昔，同時使埃及斑蚊與人類關係更密切，而導致登革熱之發生。在高雄市三民區三個流行地區住戶周圍皆發現有積水地下室孳生大量埃及斑蚊成、幼蟲，顯示積水地下室在高雄市是發生流行登革熱主要原因。

關鍵字

登革熱 ； 埃及斑蚊 ； 白線斑紋

並列摘要

Immediately following the discovery of dengue epidemics in southern Taiwan from December 1987 to October 1991, investigations on the vector mosquitoes and their ecology, especially related to the epidemiology of dengue, were undertaken in nine localities in Taiwan in which a number of indigenous dengue cases were found Results indicated that the density of Aedes aegypti was markedly higher than that of Ae. albopictus in the nine areas under investigation in southern Taiwan. During an epidemic which occurred in November 1989 in the Sanmin district of Kaohsiung city, no Ae. albopictus were found. The data obtained from the present study suggests that Ae. aegypti was involved in the transmission of dengue fever in Taiwan. Another finding in the same district in October 1991 revealed that Ac. aegypti with a low density figure of two (house index of 5%, container index of 3%, and Breteau index of 6) could still maintain the transmission of dengue in its endemic area. This is the threshold density of Ae. aegypti in relation to dengue transmission in Taiwan. However, transmission of the virus is enhanced by a dense human population.
Surveys made in the nine localities with dengue epidemics reveal that Ac. aegypti breeds primarily in flower vases and buckets, while Ac. albopictus breeds mainly in discarded automobile tires and earthenware jars. The percentage of breeding sites used by both Aedes species was 32.3% in ornamental containers, 30.0% in discarded containers, 24.6% in water storage containers, 10.4% in refrigerator receptacles and 2.7% in flooded basements. More breeding sites of Ac. aegypti and Ac. albopictus occur in outdoor containers than in indoor ones.

並列關鍵字

dengue fever ； Aedes aegypti ； Aedes albopictus