台灣麥寮地區大氣中懸浮微粒之受體模式建立

Development of Receptor Models for the Ambient Aerosols of the Meliao Area in Taiwan

陳宛青(Wan-Ching Chen) ； 魏致中(Chih-Chung Wei) ； 王秋森(Chiu-Sen Wang)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 15卷4期 (1996/08) Pp. 357-372

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1996-15-04-07

摘要

本研究之主要目的乃在建立一個適用於台灣麥寮地區一六輕石化工業區預定地－大氣中懸浮微粒之受體模式，以期將來能合理評估石化工業對該地區空氣品質的衝擊。
本研究於1992年11月至1994年1月期間在彰化縣大城國中、雲林縣麥寮衛生所及台西衛生所使用微孔均勻沈積部擊器及分道採樣器進行了六季密集的定點懸浮微粒採樣，並以X射線螢光分析及離子層析等方法分析粗粒徑（氣動直徑介於2.5-10µm）與細粒徑（氣動直程小於2.5µm）微粒樣本所含之20餘種化學元素及硫酸根。受體模式之建立係先以因子分析瞭解可能的微粒紅源類別；再應用CMB7軟體及國內、外微粒源化學組成資料，以化學質量平衡法推算不同微粒源於麥寮地區大氣中組、細粒徑懸浮和微粒之貢獻量。
研究結果顯示：麥寮地區大氣中粗粒徑懸浮微粒紅以海水噴沫（各季平均貢獻量估計百分率2.8-11.4%）、磚窯業等（燃煤、重油）工業排放(7.2-27.4%)、農作廢棄物燃燒(31.3-39.7%)及道路揚塵(21.1-42.1%)為主要貢獻來源。細粒徑部分則以農作廢棄物燃燒(31.2-39.7%)、磚窯業等（燃煤、重油）工業排放(10.9-18.9%)、柴油車排放(7.5-12.1%)及二次形成氣膠中之硫酸根(16.5-26.0%)等為主要微粒源。各季微粒源貢獻量大小隨盛行風向之變異有顯著的變化。本研究於麥寮地區建立之受體模式可現為六輕石化工業區運轉前之背景模式，對於未來在訂定污染控制相關策略時應有所幫助。

關鍵字

受體模式 ； 大氣中懸浮微粒 ； X射線螢光分析 ； 化學質量平衡 ； 微粒源貢獻量

並列摘要

The primary objective of this source apportionment study is to develop a receptor model in the Meliao area, where the construction of a petrochemical complex is underway. During November 1992 to January 1994, samples of aerosol particles were collected using cascade impactors and dichotomous samplers at Dacheng, Meliao, and Taihsi in central Taiwan. The concentrations of various chemical species in aerosol samples were determined by the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography. Factor analysis was used to characterize the major source categories first, and then the principle of chemical mass balances (CMBs) was used to estimate the contribution of each particle source.
The results of calculations for the coarse particle fraction (2.5-10µm in aerodynamic diameter) show that the major sources were marine aerosols (average mass contribution percentage in the range of 2.8-11.4%), coal- or oil-fired kiln emission (7.2-27.4%), combustion of agricultural wastes (31.3-39.7%), road and soil dust (21.1-42.1%). The fine particles (smaller than 2.5µm in aerodynamic diameter) were mainly contributed by combustion of agricultural wastes (31.2-39.1%), coal- or oil-fired kiln emission (10.9-18.9%), diesel exhaust (7.5-12.1%) and sulfate in the secondarily-formed aerosols (16.5-26.0%). Variations of source contributions were strongly influenced by the prevailing wind. The receptor model established in this study should be useful for evaluating the impending impact of the petrochemical complex to the air quality of the Meliao area and for planning pollution control strategies.

並列關鍵字

receptor models ； ambient aerosol ； chemical mass balance ； x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ； source contribution