台灣地區死亡率下降對平均壽命改變之影響

Changes in Life Expectancy in Taiwan Area Due to Declines in Mortality, 1981-1990.

林正祥(Cheng-Hsiang Lin)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 15卷6期 (1996/12) Pp. 553-561

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1996-15-06-07

摘要

本文探討了民國70年和民國79年间台灣地區十大死因死亡率之消長對平均毒命影專之程度，摒棄了以柱必須假設死因部分去除之百分比以推算平均毒命增加之程度。利用民國70年和79年間各年齡區间中各死因之死亡率來估計部分去除率，藉此推算出十大死因死亡率之消長而對平均毒命貢獻之程度。吾等发現在此十年间，腦血管疾病的種制對國人平均毒命的增加貢默最大，另外，惡性腫瘤在60歲以前的貢獻程度不大但為正值，60歲以後則為負值，又意外災害、肺炎在15~65歲工作年齡群多為負值，而糖床病則在所有年齡層皆為負值。負值意謂這些死因之死亡率在十年间相對於其他死因之死亡率其改答之趨勢有限甚而可能忌化。吾等認為，對十大死因的防治而官，老年人之惡性腫瘤，工作年齡群之意外災害、肺炎及各年齡層之糖尿病則約要積極的加強，期能再提高國人之平均壽命。

關鍵字

平均壽命 ； 死亡率 ； 競爭性死因

並列摘要

This study investigates the gains in life expectancy due to declines in mortality for the Taiwan population between 1981 and 1990. To substitute the traditionally assumed ”partial elimination rat” of the causes of death for figuring out the gains in life expectancy, this article uses the change of mortality rate in each age interval between 1981 and 1990 as an estimator for the partial elimination rate and computes the relative contribution of the ten leading causes of death on the gains in life expectancy in different age intervals. We find out that most of the contribution comes from Cerebrovascular disease, a small contribution from the Malignant Neoplasm before age 60, while it turns out to be negative after age 60; In addition, the contributions from Accident, Pneumonia are negative for working age group (15~65 years old) and the contribution of Diabetes is negative in overall age groups. Negative contribution means the mortality of some causes of death is getting worse during this 10 year period. Obviously, based on the standpoint of prevention and control of the ten leading causes of death in Taiwan, we must pay special attention to the Malignant Neoplasm in old age group, Accident and Pneumonia in working age group and Diabetes for all age group.

並列關鍵字

life expectancy ； mortality ； competing causes of death