台灣與日本組織犯罪對策之比較研究

Comparison of strategies between Taiwan and Japan in Countering organized crime - The strategies of People, Interest, Object and Evidence

李傑清(Jye-Ching Lee)

《育達研究叢刊》 5&6期 (2003/11) Pp. 143-163

https://doi.org/10.7074/JYDC.200311.0008

摘要

台灣與日本在組織（暴力團）犯罪的立法形式與內容方面有所差異，但在對抗組織犯罪的對策方面卻多所類似，特別是過去對組織犯罪的「人（組織成員等）」、「物（槍械等）」對策更令人有如出一轍之感。惟近年來，台、日二國在對抗組織犯罪的學理或實務上均有重視「利益」、「證據」對策的趨勢。故本文乃以台、日比較法之觀點，就刑事法理論與刑事政策之實踐意義，一、明確指出過去「人」、「物」對策的具體缺失與反效果，並提出改善問題的思考方向；二、強調當前「利益」與「證據」對策在對抗組織犯罪的重要性與關鍵性；三、尤以對抗「組織」犯罪對策之概念，探討「人」、「物」、「利益」與「證據」對策在立法論、解釋論與適用論之問題與解決作法；四、確認當前「人」、「物」對策相加的嚴厲處罰，就罪刑均衡及刑事政策效果之觀點而言，已達其極限。而「利益」對策與「人」、「物」對策，在加重刑另一方面之比較，因基於刑事政策指導理念之科學主義、人道主義等觀點，而採較有期徒刑為輕之財產刑或附加刑之沒收等，使「利益」
對策能一方面結合並強化「人」、「物」對策之成果，另一方面能藉「證據」對策對犯罪事實及組織構造之瞭解，處罰組織真正首腦，並適切剝奪作為犯罪組織原動力之犯罪所得，而更具研究上之價值及意義。

關鍵字

組織犯罪 ； 日本暴力團犯罪 ； 犯罪對策 ； 「利益」對策 ； 「證據」對策 ； 犯罪所得

並列摘要

There are differences in content and form of legislation between Taiwan and Japan for dealing with organized crime, but there are similarities in strategies to counter organized crime; the strategies of ‘‘People’’ and ‘‘Object ’’ , in particular, are identical. The past few years, have seen a trend in both Taiwan and Japan to focus their efforts on the strategies of ‘‘Interest’’ and ‘‘Evidence’’. This article attempts to do the following by taking comparative viewpoints regarding the theory of criminal law and the criminological policy between two countries:
1. pointing out the defect and backfire of the strategies in ‘‘People’’ and ‘‘Object’’, and proposing a new direction with a view to meeting the problem;
2. emphasizing the crucial importance of Interest Strategy and Evidence Strategy in countering organized crime;
3. using the concept of the strategy for countering organized crime to investigate the problem and solution that exists in the strategies of People, Object, Interest and Evidence while considering the theories of legislation, interpretation and suitability;
4. suggesting that the current severe punishment of ‘‘People’’ and ‘‘Object’’ already reached its very limit in terms of the balance between crime and punishment and of criminological effects, and suggesting a better approach by comparing the aggravated penalty between ‘‘Interest’’ strategy, ‘‘People’’ strategy and ‘‘Object’’ strategy through the views of scientism and humanism, both serving as guiding ideas of criminological Policy. This approach not only combines and strengthens ‘‘Interest’’ strategy, ‘‘People’’ strategy and ‘‘Object’’ strategy, but also utilizes the comprehension of the relationship between ‘‘Evidence’’ strategy, criminal fact and organized crime structure to punish the real mastermind. This approach also imposes confiscation of illegal property acquired or deprives the criminal of illegal income that have been the motive of organized crime. Such advantages should make this research more valuable and meaningful.

並列關鍵字

organized crime ； Boryokudan ； Criminological strategy ； Interest strategy ； Evidence strategy ； Criminal income