由村廟看同莊意識－以台南市安南區為例

The Village Temple as a Symbol of Village-identity: A Case Study from Annan District, Tainan

許淑娟(Shu-Chuan Hsu)

《環境與世界》 5期 (2001/11) Pp. 71-93

https://doi.org/10.6304/EAW.2001.5.4

摘要

近年來在本土化風潮之下，鄉土的種種遺產或特色，逐漸再現。而在觀察一地歷史與聚落發展的過程中，村廟和由村廟延伸出來的宗教活動或祭祀圈概念的探討，常被視為理解地方人群結合情形的依據，本文則著重在探討祭祀圈的空間運作基礎，以瞭解村廟所表徵的「同莊」空間意涵及其穩定性。
本文嘗試以位處西部平原開發較慢的台南市安南區為例，釐清該地聚落發展的動態與祭祀圈的形成與變化，以瞭解同莊與聯莊宗教活動之地方組織，所反映之空間內涵與彼此的互動關係，繼而探討村廟展現出的同莊意識之空間內涵和穩定性。由資料分析得知，如果莊廟的建立是同莊意識的反映，以安南區各村廟的成立時間來看，其同莊意識的形成在日治時期才具體浮現，而所謂的同莊，其空間定位和日治初期所劃定的莊社空間有密切關係。同莊祭祀圈形成的時間，雖然晚於聯莊組織，但是藉由村廟（或公厝）所表徵的空間就相當穩定。藉此，本文進一步提出討論，民間社會活動的同莊空間和行政的地理空間的關係。

關鍵字

寺廟 ； 祭祀圈 ； 同莊意識

並列摘要

To realize the history and the process of development of a certain han Taiwanese settlement, the importance of the village temple in the settlement is usually emphasized. This paper applies the concept of the religious sphere to expresses the phenomenon that the village temple is the spatial symbol of village. The village temple was built because of the village consciousness that is constructed by the definite space established in Japanese era. Due to the fact that the settlement groups came from different places but now belonged the same village, they formed a folk organization in the new place through taking a communal worship to some deity which some of them worshiped or establishing a communal temple (kung-ts’uo).
In order to explain the village temple is the symbol of the village-identity, this paper clarifies the relationship of the religious sphere of village and that of supervillage, using Annan District, Tainan as an example. The village temple was established later than the supervillage one, but the religious sphere of the village temple is more stable than that of supervillage, because of the village space is definite, the activity of the local society is in accordance with the administration area.

並列關鍵字

village temple (kung-ts'uo) ； the religious sphere ； village-identity