音樂治療在精神科日間病房之療效因子研究

The Therapeutic Factors of Music Therapy Group in Psychiatric Day Hospital

施以諾(Yi-Nuo Shih) ； 章華(Wa Zhang) ； 林宛儀(Wan-Yi Lin)

《中華團體心理治療》 16卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.30060/CGP.201006.0001

摘要

目的：以雅樂姆的十二個「療效因子」為研究指標，探討音樂治療在日間病房之成效的研究文獻，比較活動內容較不具結構的「歌唱團體」以及活動內容經設計、較結構化之「音樂團體治療」所分別發揮之療效因子之異同。方法：以台北市某醫學中心精神科日間病房12位病人為研究對象。在十週的時間內，參與較不具結構的「歌唱團體」（S組），以及活動內容經設計、較結構化之「音樂團體治療」（M組），分別以「雅樂姆療效因子評估工具」針對這兩個廣義的音樂治療團體測得療效因子之前五名。並以t-test算出這兩們團體中差異錢大的療效因子。結果：「音樂團體治療」（M組）所發揮出的療效因子前五名依年為：團體凝聚力、家庭重現、外現性人際學習、指導、宣洩：「歌唱團體」（S組）所發揮的療效因子前五名依序則為：宣洩、團體凝聚力，普同感、灌輸希望、外現性人際學習。除了「宣洩」這一項療效因子「歌唱團體」（S組）平約分數高於「音樂團體治療」（M組），且達統計顯著值(Sig=017*)；其他十一項療效因子則均呈現出「音樂團體治療」（M組）分數高於「歌唱團體」（S組）的狀況，且有八項達顯著值。結論：以療效因子的角度觀之，「歌唱團體」與「音樂團體治療」兩者都各有存在價值，但較結構化之「音樂團體治療」療效普遍優於較不具結構的「歌唱團體」。建議未來研究可進一步將受測者人數提高，並建議各院精神科音樂治療團體，聘請取得國內、外音樂治療相關證照或資格之治療師、醫護人員帶領之，使療效發揮得更明顯。

關鍵字

音樂治療 ； 團體治療 ； 療效因子 ； 日間病房

並列摘要

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the effects of music therapy by using Yalom's therapeutic factors as research indicators. We compared the therapeutic factors of less structured Singing Group and more structured Music Therapy Group.Method: The subjects were 12 clients from a psychiatric day care ward of a medical center in Taipei City. They joined both Singing Group (S Group) and Music Therapy Group (M Group) in ten weeks. Compared to S Group, M Group had more structured and well-designed group contents. We used Yalom's Therapeutic Factors Questionnaire to measure the top five curative factors of both groups and t-test to compute the most different therapeutic factor between two Groups.Results: The top five curative factors of M Group were group cohesion, family reenactment, interpersonal learning-output, guidance, and catharsis. The top five therapeutic factors of S Group were catharsis, group cohesion, universality, instillation of hope, and interpersonal learning-output. Among 12 curative factors, S Group only had significant higher score in catharsis (Sig=.017*) while M Group had higher scores in all other therapeutic factors and eight of them reached significant level.Conclusion: Both Singing Group and Music Therapy Group have their existence value in terms of therapeutic factors. However, more structured Music Therapy Group has better therapeutic efforts than less structured Singing Group generally. It is suggested that future research could enlarge samples and the psychiatric departments could hire certified music therapist or qualified professionals to lead Music Therapy Group.

並列關鍵字

music therapy ； group therapy ； therapeutic factors ； day care ward