臺灣農場規模結構的認定基本準則之改進研究

A Study of the Improvement of Basic Criteria for the Identification of Farm Size Structure in Taiwan

邱宗治(Tzong-Chiz Chiou)

《農業經營管理年刊》 9期 (2003/12) Pp. 84-107

https://doi.org/10.29975/CJAM.200312.0003

摘要

本研究引進德國農場規模結構的認定基本準則之發展經驗，並以屏東縣麟洛鄉田道村的實證資料，探討臺灣農場規模結構的問題以及「標準毛利」認定準則的應用。本研究發現以「農家」作為調查對象的統計資料，將無法掌握農場耕地經營權的變遷，而與本研究以「農場」作為調查對象的統計資料有相當差距，進而影響政府對實際農場規模結構問題的認知，故有必要參考德國經驗，以謀求改善之道。
在農業漸漸轉變成商業化及企業化經營導向後，臺灣應可學習德國以農場經營的「標準毛利」作為判定經營型態的認定準則，首先計算地區性各經營型態別農產業的標準毛利，其次認定該地區個別農場的主要經營型態，並評估其能負擔全家生活所需的經濟規模，最後以不同規模別、專兼業別、農場經營者年齡等分類，分析該地區的農場規模結構現況，並找出相關問題的改善方向。

關鍵字

場規模結構 ； 標準毛利 ； 經營型態 ； 認定基本準則 ； 經營績效

並列摘要

The study tried to adopt the development experience of the basic criteria for the identification of the farm size structure in Germany. By means of the empirical data of the Ten-Do Village of Lin-lo Township in Pingtung County, the study tried to investigate the problem of farm size structure as well as the application of “standard gross farm income” in Taiwan. The findings of the study showed that the farm structure statistics generated by the “farm family” could not control the changes of the farmland operation rights. There was also a gap observed from using the on-site survey method by the “standard gross farm income” identification criteria in this study. As a matter of fact, this gap affected the cognition of the actual farm size structure problem for the government. Therefore, there is a need to refer to the Germany experience that can provide a helpful improvement.
When the agriculture transformed into commercialize and enterprise oriented agribusiness, Taiwan should learn the identification criteria of “standard gross farm income” from Germany that can be used to measure the performance of farming. Firstly, the agro industry’s “standard gross farm income” of the various type of farming in one district can be calculated; secondly, the major type of farming of individual farm in that district can be identified. In the mean time, the needed farming size to support the whole farm family’s living expenses can be evaluated. Further, we can analyze the situation and improvement of the farm size structure in that district by means of the classification of different size, full-time and part-time farming, and the aging farmers.

並列關鍵字

farm size structure ； standard gross farm income ； type of farming ； basic criteria for identification ； performance of farming

參考文獻

Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food,Agriculture, Germany(2002).(Agriculture Report 2001 Summary).

Hasso Pacyna, Agrilexikon, 5..(Auflage, Informationsgemeinschaft Fuer Meinungspflege Und Aufklaerung E.V., Alexanderstr. 3).

Kroeschel K.(1982).(Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb Handworterbuch des Agrarrechts, Bd.2. Berlin).

Statisticshes Bundesamt(1990).Land und Forstwirtschaft.Fisherei:Fachserie3, Reihe 2.1.5, Stuttgart.

Stefan Tangermann, (ed.)(2000).(Agriculture in Germany).