談楚簡五則有關「安（焉）」字句的解釋─兼論「安」字

楚簡研究蓬勃，字詞的解釋更為學界所重視，形成研討的焦點。關於楚簡的虛詞前人少有觸及，置於句子間又往往受到忽略，常不見對其有所解釋。本文以「安（焉）」為例，首先討論楚簡「安」的字形相關問題，聯繫到楚簡「居」、「處」的字形，說明「安」的點畫指向髖部，並以此為聲。文中並與戰國他系「焉」字相互參照，認為「安」實屬南方用法。之後，論及今日關於上古漢語虛詞「焉」的有關論點，文中採「合音詞」的觀念以進行說解。並擇取楚簡中五則有關「安（焉）」的句例討論，分別闡述其在句中的地位，以及學者間在說解過程中存在的問題，其中也涉及到楚簡「安」與「言」問題，本文認為楚簡「言」確實存在與「焉」的相同用法，但基本上是承自《詩經》的規律。

關鍵字

楚簡；虛詞；安；焉；言

並列摘要

Studies of Chu bamboo slips is vigorous. The character word's explanation more educational world takes seriously. Refers to about Chu bamboo slips Chu Jan's function word predecessor unusual person, and puts in the sentence often to receive neglects, and often does not see to it has the explanation. This article take ”an(安)” as an example, first discusses Chu bamboo slips ”an(安)” glyph related question, relates to Chu bamboo slips ”an(安)”, ”an(安)” glyph. This article explained ”an(安)” stipples aims at the hip department, and take this as the sound. In the article and the department ”an(安)” the character refers to mutually with the Warring States, thought that south ”an(安)” is really the usage. Afterward, concerns today about the antiquity Chinese function word ”an(安)” related argument, in the article picks ”the combination tone word” the idea carried on says the solution. And selects in Chu bamboo slips five piece of unrelatedness ”an(安)” the sentence example discusses, elaborates it separately in the sentence status, as well as between the scholar in said the question which in the solution process exists, and also involves to Chu bamboo slips ”an(安)” and ”ian(言)” the question. This article thought Chu bamboo slips ”ian(言)” exists truly with ”ian(焉)” the same usage, but basically is receives from ”Poetry” rule.