少年輔育院學生社會化模式研究

A Study on the Socialization Process for Juveniles in Reformatory Schools

周愫嫻(Su-Syan Jou)

《犯罪學期刊》 2期 (1996/12) Pp. 151-173

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.199612.0007

摘要

本研究主要目的有三：第一是探究少年進入輔育院內時間長短如何影響其對院內規範的認同程度以及與院內工作人員、其他學生的互動；第二是檢驗少年輔育院內少年之性別、年齡、教育程度、前科、犯罪類型以及所扮演的各種社會角色如何在不同的受感化教育期間影響到其對能內規範的認同。最後，本文將根據研究分析結果，對少年犯罪矯治體系的管理運作提出改革建議。經過對少年輔育院1,133名少年的調查結果，本文發現：一、少年輔育院對受感化教育的少年而言，其「監獄化」的效果與入院時間成正比。二、隨著入院時間的增加，少年與管教人員的非正式私人接觸也愈多；但與其他學生之間的私人接觸，則在中期達到最多，到了晚期又有下降的趨勢。三、「監獄化」的效果不會受到少年的性別和犯罪類型的影響而有差異，但是學生的年齡、教育程度、是否具有前科和在院內所扮演的社會角色卻會使得「監獄化」的過程產生巨大的差異。四、少年輔育院的設計可以部分的達成教化少年，使其學習社會正常規範，為重返社會做準備的效果，尤其對於十六歲、十八歲，沒有前科，教育程度較高，以及傾向於認同團體規範的「老實型」、「反社會型」少年的確具有一定的正面教育效果。

並列摘要

More than 40 years ago the sociologist Donald Clemmer .introduced the concept of prisonization to explain the changes inmates experience during periods of custody. This paper intends to investigate the concept of prisonization with empirical data in Taiwan. There are three major purposes in the present study: first, to explore the changes for juveniles taken into reformatory schools during periods of confinement; second, to examine factors affecting the socialization process in juvenile reformatory schools, and third to suggest a reformulation of imprisonment on juveniles. After surveying 1,133 juveniles in reformatory schools, evidence shows that (1) the length of stay is positively related to the process of prisonization; (2) the longer juveniles stay in custody, the more interactions with staff, but not with other students; and finally (3) age education, prior records and social roles do make a significant difference in prisonization. Evidence suggests that as total institutions, reformatory schools are partially with effect of promoting social norms, especially for those juveniles at age 16 and 18 with no prior records, higher education, and social roles as Square John or Outlaws.