智力、刺激強度等因素與朝向反射之關係

Intelligence, Stimulus Intensity, And the Orienting Reflex

陳榮華(Yung-Hwa Chen)

《心理與教育》 5期 (1971/12) Pp. 25-47

https://doi.org/10.29811/PE.197112.0003

摘要

本研究目的是探討智力和聲刺激強度兩個變數對朝向反射機能的影響。用三種聲刺激強度（強、中、弱），和三種聲刺激高低(4000cPs, 1000cPs，以及250cPs)，反覆呈現五次，然後觀側受試Alpha振幅的變化情形。若第一次刺激階段的平均Alpha振幅顯然比控制階段的平均Alpha振幅小時，即認為已經發生OR現象。本實驗係以這兩個階段的Alpha振幅的百分比為OR指標。
受試者是根據智商的高低而分成兩組：智能不足組共有十五位學童，其平均智商是67，平均實足年齡是十一歲十個月；普通智力組也有十五位學童，其平均智商為102，平均實足年歲為十一歲二個月。
根據本實驗結果得知：①智力高低與朝向反射(EEG-OR)的關係不太確定，雖然智能不足兒童組比普通兒童組差些，但此等差異不甚顯著，兩組問的個別差異似乎很大；②智力與刺激強度二變因間的交互作用似乎不存在；③刺激反覆次數愈多，習慣化現象愈明顯。總之，本實驗結果並不能支持Luria(1963)所提出的假設。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationships among intelligence, stimulus intensity, and the Orienting Reflex (OR). The OR was defined as changes in Alpha amplitude resulting from a change in stimulation.
15 retarded children and 15 normal children were presented with a series of sonic stimulus of three intensities and three frequencies (4000, 1000, and 250 cps.) The Alpha rhythm was recorded by an eight-channel OFFNER TYPE T EEG. The electrodes were mounted on the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe with bipolar technique.
The results showed that: 1) no evidence was found to support a negative relationship between intelligence and orienting reflex, 2) there was no significant interaction between intelligence and stimulus intensity, and 3) habituation rates did not differ between intelligence groups, but related to the trails of repeated stimulation. These results could not wholly support Luria's assumption of poor orienting reflex in mentally retarded children.