菌物誌簡介

A Brief Introduction of Mycoflora

餘永年(Yong-Nian Yu)

《Transactions of the Mycological Society of Republic of China》 8卷3&4期 (1993/12) Pp. 49-65

https://doi.org/10.7099/TMSRC.199312.0049

摘要

菌物的經濟意義近年越來越多地受到人們的矚目，特別是在食用蕈菌和藥用真菌方面。當今真菌代謝產物和菌體的生產，主要是建立在發酵工業土。菌物是一個龐大的群體，具有豐富的種、屬內容，二百多年來人們對它們進行了廣泛的研究，以多姿多態的形式發表其研究成果，如菌物志、專著、圖譜和圖鑒等。菌物志是依據生物系統原理和方法，對某一地區的菌物種類及其特徵、親緣關係、區系組成、地理分佈、生態環境和經濟用途等進行研究和描述；是利用益菌、控制害菌、化害為利、變廢為寶的基礎資料的科學總結；是為菌物資源開發、環境保護、農業發展、輕工、化工以及醫藥和國防等的研究、生產和教學提供重要基礎資料。“志書”的研編是國家重要的系統工程，是數代科學家的研究結晶，是民族文化的寶典，是反應國家科學水平的重要代表。本文著重對德、意、英、俄、美、日以及中國等國家在菌物志的研究、編輯和出版方面作一簡略介紹。

關鍵字

菌物志 ； 德國 ； 意大利 ； 英國 ； 北美 ； 日本 ； 中國

並列摘要

Fungi are being studied more intensively and profoundly than ever before. This may be attributed to increased interest in the economic potentialities, particularly both the edible fungi and fungal medicines, the former would be one of the ten most important food for mankind in the 2lth century and the latter possess an excellent perspective for curing or preventing tumors or cancers. In addition, the production of fungous metabolites and thalli is more convenient on a large scale in fermentative industry than that of animal's and plant's.
The economical importance of fungi is a reflection of their diverse metabolic capabilities. In nature, they are major causing agents of diseases and decay. In industry, they are the source of a great number of essential natural products. In laboratory, they are model systems for basic research As a result of extensive researches, various publications were issued by the press, such as MYCOFLORA, mycological MONOGRAPHIA, ICONES ICONOGRAPHIA, ILLUSTRATIO and TABULA, etc. Although the systematic study of fungi is only 260 years historically, the manifestations of this group of organisms have been known for thousands of years.
Based upon the biosystematic principles and methods, mycoflora was conducted as a scientific summarization of investigation and description dealing with the fungous classification, characteristics, relationship, floral component, geographical distribution, ecological environment, and economical value in a certain country or region, in order to utilize the beneficial fungi and to control the harmful ones, to turn the harmfulness into advantage, to convert wastes into valuables, and to provide important fundamental materials for investigation and education Mycoflora is an important systematic engineering to manifest the levels of national sciences and culture.
In this paper, an attempt was made to introduce and review briefly the mycofloral researches, compilations, and publications in Germany, Italy, Britain, Russia, North. America, Japan, and China.

並列關鍵字

Mycoflora ； Germany ； Italy ； Britain ； Russia ； N. America ； Japan ； China.