中國地方政府環境治理困境與公眾參與問題之探討：以四川省什邡事件為例

Study on the Dilemmas of Local Governments' Environmental Governance and Public Participation in China: A Case of Shifang Incident in Sichuan Province

柳金財(Chin-Tsai Liu)

《中華行政學報》 15期 (2014/12) Pp. 113-138

https://doi.org/10.6712/JCPA.201412_(15).0006

摘要

轉型期的中國社會爆發環境群體性事件逐漸增加，抗爭規模化與對抗性程度呈現增強趨勢，甚至產生暴力化現象，已然進入「環境敏感期」的風險社會，尤其是「鄰避衝突」亦有增加趨勢。本文主要目的是探討中國環境治理之問題與其發展困境，包括面臨環境管理體制、環境立法、公益訴訟、公眾參與、環境信息公開、環保組織自主性等等。同時，本文以四川省什邡市環境抗爭事件為案例，分析地方政府與公眾所採取互動策略。研究結果顯示，地方政府主要是運用強制性暴力、採取污名化策略及控制資訊傳播網等處置作為。公眾的維權抗爭策略則是採取以下諸手段：從散步和集體上訪轉變為暴力抗爭、運用弱勢者身份建構維權道德形象、運用網絡參與尋求社會菁英支持。本文進一步探討經濟與環境政策制訂過程中的政府角色及公眾參與問題，發現地方官員間的政治錦標賽所涉及職位升遷因與經濟增長、財政收入密切相關；復因地方黨國體系的菁英決策模式幾乎壟斷政策形成過程，欠缺與公眾間政策溝通，最終導致「經濟增長」與「環境保護」雙重目標之衝突。

關鍵字

鄰避衝突 ； 環境群體性事件 ； 公眾參與 ； 公益訴訟 ； 政治錦標賽

並列摘要

The transition period of Chinese society out-breaking the environmental mass incidents have been showing a gradual upward trend, large-scale protests and confrontational degree presents increasing trend, and even the phenomenon of violence, entering into the ＂environmentally sensitive period＂ of risk society. In particular, ＂NIMBY conflicts＂ also showed upward trend. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the problems of China's environmental governance and its development dilemmas, including the environmental management systems, environmental legislation, public interest litigation, public participation, environmental information disclosure, autonomy of environmental organizations and so on. Meanwhile, this paper take Shifang City environmental protests as an example, analyzing the interaction strategies between the local governments and the public. The results show that strategies of local government are the use of compulsory violence, stigma of public protest behavior and taking control of the dissemination of information. Public defenders' strategies are to take all of the following means: from walking and collective petitions into violent protests, the use of identity construction disadvantaged moral image rights and seeking the support network from social elite. This paper further explore the role of governments and public participation in the process of economic and environmental policy-making, local officials' promotion of political championship involving the economic growth is closely related to revenue, due to the elite decision-making model which the party-state system almost monopoly policy formation process, lack of policy communication between governments and the public, and eventually lead to conflict of the dual goals between ＂economic growth＂ and ＂environmental protection＂.

並列關鍵字

NIMBY Conflicts ； Environmental Mass Incidents ； Public Participation ； Public Interest Litigation ； Political Championship

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