金門宗族文化之比較性研究

本文主要採文獻回顧、田野調查法與比較性研究，宗族、姓氏、族譜與宗祠將蒐集學術論文、相關書籍、研究數據以供佐證，藉由田野調查以描述目前金門姓氏、族譜、宗祠及宗親會現況並比較，以解釋彼此間特殊性與普遍性通則。研究結果顯示：一、按金門人口數前十大姓分別為陳、李、林、黃、蔡、楊、許、王、張、吳；後十大姓為洪、翁、呂、莊、劉、鄭、周、董、何、謝。（一）人口的多寡與宗祠多寡無絕對相關；（二）宗祠的多寡與地區聚落人口分佈有關：計三十六姓，依四種分類得出：1、人口數多，宗祠較集中：六個姓氏（李姓、黃姓、楊姓、許姓、王姓、張姓）；2、人口數多，宗祠較分散：九個姓氏（陳姓、林姓、蔡姓、吳姓、洪姓、翁姓、呂姓、莊姓、鄭姓）；3、人口數少，宗祠較集中：十六個姓氏（蕭姓、盧姓、戴姓、邵姓、方姓、辛姓、卓姓、羅姓、關姓、顏姓、葉姓、傅姓、歐陽姓、薛姓、郭姓、梁姓）；4、人口數少，宗祠較分散：五個姓氏（周姓、董姓、何姓、謝姓、劉姓）。二、宗祠與族譜的比較：分成鑽石組、黃金組、白金組、問題組共四組得出（一）宗族人數多寡與族譜呈現正相關；（二）族譜與宗祠呈現正相關。三、宗祠與地區宗親會的比較：（一）有宗祠也有宗親會：在地區三十六個姓氏當中，前二十個姓氏中僅劉姓未設有宗親會，其餘十九姓皆設有宗祠並同時設宗親會；（二）設有宗祠卻沒有宗親會：僅劉姓、關姓、卓姓、羅姓等四個姓氏在地區設有宗祠卻沒有宗親會；（三）沒宗祠卻設有宗親會：僅盛姓、魏姓、邱姓、徐姓等「四個姓氏」，屬於沒宗祠卻設有宗親會。

關鍵字

金門；宗族；姓氏；族譜；宗祠

並列摘要

This paper in the main employed literature review, field research and comparative study as its methods. For clans, surnames, genealogies and ancestral halls, academic papers, related books, election data were to be collected to provide evidence. Through field research, this paper sought to understand the present situation of and compare the family names, genealogies, ancestral halls, and clan associations in Kinmen in order to explain the general rule of particularity and universality between them. The results show that: 1. The top ten surnames in Kinmen's population were Chen, Li, Lin, Huang, Cai, Yang, Xu, Wang, Zhang, and Wu, while the last ten were Hong, Weng, Lu, Zhuang, Liu, Zheng, Zhou, Dong, He, and Xie. (1) No absolute correlation existed between the size of population and the number of ancestral halls. (2) The number of ancestral halls was related to the population distribution in local settlements. There were a total of thirty-six surnames, which were classified according to four categories: a. large population with ancestral halls more concentrated: there were six surnames (Li, Huang, Yang, Xǔ, Wang, Zhang) ; b. large population with ancestral halls more scattered: there were nine surnames (Chen, Lin, Cai, Wu, Hong, Weng, Lu, Zhuang, Zheng) ; c. small population (less than 1,000) with ancestral halls more concentrated: there were sixteen surnames (Xiao, Lu, Dai, Shao, Fang, Xin, Zhuo, Luo, Guan, Yan, Ye, Fu, Ouyang, Xue, Guo, Liang) ; d. small population (less than 2,000) with ancestral halls more scattered: there were five surnames (Zhou, Dong, He, Xie, Liu). 2. Comparison of ancestral halls and genealogies: they were divided into four groups: Diamond Group, Golden Group, Platinum Group and Problem Group. (1) There was a positive correlation between the size of clan populations and genealogies. (2) A positive correlation existed between genealogies and ancestral halls.3. Comparison of ancestral halls and local clan associations: (1) Having ancestral halls as well as clan associations: of the thirty-six surnames in the district, only the surname Liu among the first 20 surnames has not formed its clan association, while the remaining 19 all have both ancestral halls and clan associations. (2) Having ancestral halls yet with no clan associations: only four surnames, Liu, Guan, Zhuo and Luo, have set up ancestral halls in the districts but with no clan associations. (3) No ancestral halls but with ancestral associations: only the ＂four surnames＂, Sheng, Wei, Qiu, and Xu, belonged to this category.