論《一個無政府主義者的意外死亡》中義大利即興喜劇之元素

On the element of the Commedia dell' Arte in Accidental Death of an Anarchist

謝卉君(Hui-Chun Hsieh)

《臺藝戲劇學刊》 4期 (2008/09) Pp. 129-147

https://doi.org/10.29481/AJTDNTUA.200809.0008

摘要

義大利即興喜劇起源於1550年，自此盛行兩百年一源起自義大利而後度泛地傳播至蔡個歐洲的城市最遠甚至到達莫斯科。其即興的表演模式、定型角色。爲群眾表演的特質，形成特殊的戲劇劇種。許多後起之戲劇家皆受其影響，1997年獲得諾貝爾文學獎的義大利戲劇家達利歐弗亦是其中之一。弗氏從小生長在義大利，受說唱表演影響，成爲他口後創作的基礎。其大眾劇場的劇場觀，與義大利即興喜劇受無產階級喜愛的特質相符。再者，定型角色的特性亦成爲他重要的表演典範。因此，本文將以弗氏之《一個無政有主義者的意外死亡》(Accidental Death of an Anarchist)一劇爲例，從三方面來探討義大利即興喜劇從文藝復興到達利歐弗的傳承影響。首先將指出達利歐弗作品中的giullare和即興的創作概念，再者對照定型角色與劇中角色的關聯，最後討論本劇中的偽裝技巧。

關鍵字

達利歐•弗 ； 義大利即興喜劇 ； 定型角色 ； 一個無政有主義者的意外死亡 ； 即興

並列摘要

The commedia dell'arte originated in 1550A.D. and prevailed over two centuries. It derived from Italy and rapidly spread through almost all the countries in Europe, even as far as Moscow. Moreover, the features of the commedia dell'arte improvisation, stock characters, and show to general audience formed its particular theatrical style. Many subsequent dramatists were influenced by the commedia dell'arte especially the Italian dramatist Dario Fo who received the Nobel Prize of Literature in 1997.
Fo was born in Italy, and teamed storytelling in his childhood which would to be the basic of his works in the future. His concept of the popular theatre is corresponding with the ancient Italian commedia dell'arte, a theatrical style popular with the proletarian classes. In addition, the stock characters are a model of Fo's acting work. Thus, this article will take the play Accidental Death of an Anarchist by Dario Fo as the example to treat about the influence of commedia dell'arte from the Renaissance to Dario Fo. Therefore, the main point of this essay is divided into three parts as followed: First, it will focus on the compositional conception of Fo's work about giullare and improvisation, then it a ill contrast the distinction of the stock characters and the characters in Fo's work. In the end, the essay will discuss the technique of disguise in this play.

並列關鍵字

Dario Fo ； the commedia dell' arte ； stock characters ； Accidental Death of an Anarchist improvisation