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領袖崇拜在政治宣傳海報運用之研究─以納粹德國希特勒為例

Leadership Cult in Political Propaganda Posters: A Case Study of Hitler in Nazi Germany

摘要


在政治宣傳史上,納粹不僅將宣傳視爲實用藝術,亦將其視爲達到奪取國家整體權力目標的手段。在其政治宣傳海報中,以形塑希特勒領袖崇拜爲主題的海報非常具有代表性,這些海報不論在宣傳主題與策略,圖像表現或文案標題上,均具有研究價值,可提供現代政治海報設計及研究者做爲探索威權政治時期宣傳策略的參考。 本文以納粹德國時期17幅宣傳海報爲研究樣本,透過歷史研究與文獻分析的方法,就海報進行深入分析,並歸納出下列的特徵:一、結合宗教意象達成神格化;二、擴大魅力特質完成偶像化;三、迎合社會心理需求促成權威化。透過以領袖崇拜爲主題海報之研究,期望提供國內政治宣傳海報設計的不同範疇與省思空間,以補足國內相關議題研究之不足。

並列摘要


Not only use propaganda to be practical art, Nazi Germany but use to be a measure of seizing the power in political propaganda history. The posters of Hitler leadership cult are viewed to be very important representative in political propaganda posters. These posters are very typical in propaganda themes, design strategies, graphic performance or copy title, could be a very important reference in political propaganda strategy for political poster designers and researchers. This article use history approach and document analyses to compare the 17 propaganda posters in Nazi Germany, and conclude three characteristics. To apotheosized Hitler by combining the religious images. To make Hitler idolized by increasing the political charisma. To assert Hitler by cater to social psychological requirement. This article would enlarge domestic propaganda design fields and introspecting spaces, and replenish the domestic research about propaganda issues.

參考文獻


Herzstein, R. E.(1987).The War that Hitler Won.New York:Paragon House Publishers.
Zeman, Z. A. B.(1964).Nazi Propaganda.London:Oxford University Press.
中國大百科編輯委員會編(1991)。中國大百科全書-社會學。北京:中國大百科全書。
卞謙(1999)。理性與狂迷-二十世紀德國文化。北京:東方出版社。
朱庭光(1991)。法西斯新論。重慶:重慶出版社。

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李珮瑜(2013)。Herbert Marcuse科技觀探究及其教育意蘊〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0801201418030117

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