台車與實車衝擊試驗之人體損傷分析

The Analysis of Human Injury in Sled and Impact Test

藍宏文(Hung-Wen Lan)

《車輛工程學刊》 4期 (2007/05) Pp. 55-65

https://doi.org/10.30023/JVE.200705.0004

摘要

本研究將藉由非線性有限元素軟體LS-DYNA3D分別進行台車衝擊試驗與實車碰撞模擬驗證，並將分析結果與文獻資料進行比對。在深入探討實車模擬內部環境遭受正面撞擊時人偶之動態反應模擬，其模擬重點在於胸部與方向盤之撞擊、頭部與擋風玻璃之撞擊等等的動態反應，並依據美國聯邦汽車安全標準(FMVSS208)所規範之台車及實車碰撞試驗條件分別進行分析模擬，且計算頭部(HIC)、胸部(SI)之損傷標準值及簡易損傷標準(AIS)等二種量化值，以探討人偶遭受碰撞之動態反應及各部位之損傷分析，提供學術單位研發安全防護配備如：可潰縮方向機柱、安全氣囊等，並使人體胸部於車禍碰撞時之傷害程度降至最低，作為國內車輛正面碰撞模擬人體損傷分析的基礎，並可運用建立車輛正面碰撞相關法規之訂定。另有鑑於交通事故所衍生的肇事糾紛， 目前現今仍未從損傷分析的標準作為考量之因素，並依據美國所規範傷害指標之量化值，來判斷乘客損傷程度與受傷量化值之關係，由已知之受傷結果反推撞擊前之速度，以增進現行肇事鑑定作業程序之客觀因素，提供相關單位作為肇事鑑定之參考。

關鍵字

LS_DYNA3D ； 有限元素法 ； 正面碰撞 ； 人體損傷 ； 肇事鑑定

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to evidence real car crash test and sled test by using LS-DYNA finite element code, and compares the analyzed results with the documentations. The principal of this study is exploring the dynamic response of dummy in the car that has a front accident and the key of impacts are between chest and wheel, head and windshield. Besides, in order to find a reliable information for getting the less injury and designing effective protect equipments, for example: airbag, steering column etc. According to the procedure of sled and vehicle impact to process the simulation of analysis by FMVSS 208 and calculate the injury and AIS of head (HIC), chest (SI) to explore the dynamic response and injury of each part of dummy in impact. The results of this study will be referential in establishing future vehicle safety laws and guiding the future development of safety technologies. Accident reconstruction and investigation remains an essential part in understanding the nature of physical injury as a result of vehicular impact. The injury analysis under car crash in this study provides the necessary materials in completing an accident reconstruction investigation. An understanding of AIS and HIC values is considered essential in determining the cause of a motor vehicle accident.

並列關鍵字

LS_DYNA3D ； Finite element ； Front Impact ； Injury Analysis ； Accident Reconstructure