全球社會合約建構與貿易政治變遷：NGOs在WTO中的參與及挑戰

在全球治理盛行下，個人與個人間或個人與國家間的合約日益頻繁，公民社會或NGOs如何參與國際組織，即「全球社會合約」的建構成為關注議題。同時因為貿易政治的變遷與轉型，貿易政治不再是單獨囿限於傳統的貿易政治，而進入不同議題、行為者、意識型態的「社會貿易政治」型態。因此，本文擬探討在全球社會合約及社會貿易政治的背景下，NGOs在WTO中的參與及挑戰。首先，本文將探討對於NGOs在國際組織或建制中扮演角色的爭辯，提出相關的學者見解。其次是「全球社會合約」與WTO之比較，以及社會貿易政治中主要行為者的型式、意識型態、利益與價值等。再次，本文將探討NGOs在WTO中的參與爭議與主要法源基礎，以及NGOs參與WTO的幾種主要型式。最末，以兩個NGOs參與WTO決策過程的案例作為探討，分析其策略、議題及成功要素。此外，雖然NGOs在WTO的參與中已具有初步成果，但WTO與公民社會的對話仍顯不足，NGOs如果要在WTO的參與中有更進一步發展的話，必須了解及克服所面臨的挑戰與限制。

關鍵字

全球社會合約；非政府組織；社會貿易政治；勞工標準條款；貿易有關智慧財產權

並列摘要

Under increasing global governance the agreement among individuals or individual and nation appeals frequent more than before. How civil society or NGOs participate in international organization i.e. framework of ”global society contract” attract the public notice. Because of changing trade politics which restrict itself no more in traditional type and becoming ”social trade politics” covering different issues, behaviorist and ideology. Hence this text will discuss the engagement and challenge of NGOs in WTO from the aspect of global social contract and concept of social trade politics. Firstly, this text will discuss the role as well as disputes about NGOs in international organizations or regimes. Then it will compare ”global social contract” and WTO and explore the main actors, ideologies, profits and values in social trade politics. Furthermore, it will discuss the participating disputes, main legal basis of NGOs in WTO and types of NGOs participation in WTO. Lastly, it will discuss two cases of NGOs participating in WTO by analyzing its strategies, issues and factors to success. Although NGOs have active involvement in WTO, dialogue between WTO and civil society seems not enough. NGOs must understand and overcome the challenges looking for more progress to participate in WTO.