清代山東沿海帆船航運

清朝末期的光緒32年；亦是日本明治39年（1906年）10月13日所提出之『各國事情關係雜纂』，在支那部分、天津、第一卷收錄有伊集院彥吉之報告，其中在「沿海「戎克船」貿易」項中，報告明治37年、38年(1904、1905)當時以北方大港天津為中心的戎克船貿易的事情。報告中指出「外洋之「戎克船」貿易，近來大幅降低其數量。過去從寧波、福建等裝載紙、茶、竹、竹器、酒、煙草、木材等，出發航向天津的「戎克船」其數量非常多，但近來則處於被汽船業者凌駕狀況。原來「戎克船」輸送的特點只是因其運費的低廉。雖在20世紀之初期戎克船；即中國式帆船仍有活動，特別是在山東帆船的航運狀況方面，1942年堀內清雄發表之「青島を中心とするジャンク貿易事情（以青島為中心的戎克船貿易事情）」報告中，敘述關於戎克船的種類和形態，戎克船的活動範圍、貿易額、貿易品等，另外，堀內在「青島に於ける船行事情（在青島的船行事情）」報告中，對於作為民船的航運業的仲介業者之「船行」，其機能和經營規模以及經營形態等，均有在現地調查之報告，即使在現在看來仍是貴重之報告，具有相當高之價值。本文，係以清代之史料為中心，對山東沿海帆船航運之實情做一探討。

關鍵字

清代；帆船；山東；航運貿易

並列摘要

On Oct. 13, the 32(superscript nd) year of Emperor KuangHsu's reign in the Ching Dynasty, which was also the 39(superscript th) year of the Meiji Restoration (1906), a document ”Affairs and Relations of Each Country-Assorted Compilations” was published in Japan. The first volume concerns Tian Jin and China, and includes a report written by HOLIUCH KIYOO which contains an account entitled ”Coastal 'Junk' Trade” in the 37(superscript th) & 38(superscript th) years of Meiji (1904-1905). At the time TianJin served as a major maritime commercial junk-shipping port. But this report indicates that the scale of cargo conveyed by junks in foreign trade had recently dropped off in volume. It first noted the traditional role of such ports as NingPo and FuJian in handling such freight as paper, tea, bamboo, bamboo-made items, wine, tobacco and timber. But it observed that junks sailing from FuJian to NingPo, though large in quantity, had registered a decline in volume due to the emergence of maritime transport being displaced by steamers. The special edge of junk transport was that it could transport freight at much lower costs. The China-style rigged junk at the start of the 20(superscript th) Century was the main form of maritime cargo transport and was extensively used in Shantung maritime transport. A report HOLIUCHI KIYOO in 1942 entitled ”Regarding QingTao as the focus of mercantile junk transportation” underscored the kind and type of junks used, their geographic range of operations, trade volume, and the commodities carried. In addition, this field survey reviewed the junk in terms of its use in mercantile shipping, and its function and type of operation. The report is now very precious and is of enormous value. The article is based upon historical data from the Ching Dynasty and explores the real conditions of Shantung coastal rigged vessel transportation at that time.