論基本權的規範結構

On the Structure of Constitutional Right Norms

王鵬翔(Peng-Hsiang Wang)

《臺大法學論叢》 34卷2期 (2005/03) Pp. 1-61

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2005.34.02.01

摘要

近年來德國憲法及法理學學者Robert Alexy的原則理論與基本權理論逐漸受到國內公法學與法理學界之重視，本文即試圖以Alexy的原則理論爲基礎，分析我國憲法基本權的規範結構。本文第貳部分討論基本權的規範概念，重點在於語意學的規範概念並簡單的分析自由與權利的規範邏輯結構。第參部分則介紹Alexy的原則理論及其最近發展。隨後之第肆部分則首先討論我國學說及實務對於基本權規範結構的看法，其次再從基本權限制的兩種不同建構方式－內在理論與外在理論－出發，探討憲法基本權的規範模式。本文認爲，我國憲法的基本權規範具有原則的性質，而基本權的原則性質同時也是解決基本權釋義學上寬構成要件論與窄構成要件論之爭的關鍵。第伍部分則簡短的討論德國憲法學界關於「框架秩序」與「最佳化命令」的爭議以及Alexy對此一爭議的回應。第陸部分則是結論。

關鍵字

規範理論 ； 基本權規範 ； 規則 ； 原則 ； 最佳化命令 ； 衡量 ； 基本權限制 ； 內在理論與外在理論 ； 寬構成要件論與窄構成要件論 ； 框架秩序

並列摘要

This essay is a structural analysis of constitutional right norms. According to the semantic concept of norms, the concept of constitutional right norms will be defined as the meaning of constitutional right provisions. A constitutional right norm, which usually expresses the liberty or the right of people, can be transformed to norm-sentences containing deontic modalities. The groundwork of my analysis is Robert Alexy's principle theory, which is based on three related main theses: the thesis of optimization, the law of collision, and the law of balancing. The recent development of Alexy's theory, especially the Weight Formula, will be also noticed, After discussing some representative views of the structure of constitutional right norms in the Taiwanese constitutional praxis and doctrine, I argue that the constitutional right norms of the Taiwanese (R.O.C.) Constitution have the features of principles. The principle-like character of constitutional right norms provides a key to the solution of central problems of constitutional rights doctrine: It not only leads to an adequate reconstruction of the limitation of rights, but also implies a wide theory of scope. Finally, I give a brief account of the ”Rahmenordnung vs. Optimierungsgebote” debate in the German constitutional doctrine and Alexy's reply to this theme.

並列關鍵字

theory of norms ； constitutional right norms ； rules ； principles ； optimization requirements ； weighing and balancing ； limitations of constitutional rights ； internal and external theories of limits ； narrow and wi

參考文獻

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