論建立資訊時代“公共領域”之重要性及具體建議

On the Importance of and Suggestions to Establishing Public Domain

劉孔中(Kung-Chung Liu)

《臺大法學論叢》 35卷6期 (2006/11) Pp. 1-35

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2006.35.06.01

摘要

在資訊時代，非實體面向的公共領域面臨嚴重流失的問題，因此本文的主旨在於闡述非建立實體面向公共領域的彙要性，並提出建立與維護該領域之具體建議，包括：1、在憲法層次理應建立一個由所有人享有、可提供所有人集體自山的公共領域，使之成爲憲法保障的法律概念及法律制度，用以平衡私益與公益。每當國家在順從少數人私益而承認新的智慧財產權時，就有義務從維護公共領域的角度探討如何使公共領域不受到該智慧財產權的不利影響，從而採取措施防止之。2、以某種形式的重製權補償金制度維護公共領域，即在既有的各種著作權外，再增加著作權人一項收入，使著作權人能從原本無法實現其權利（限於事實上及法律上困難－隱私權）的家中重製行爲中獲到補償。補償的機制是透過著作權共同管理團體運作，所有費用最後都是由消費者承擔，只不過其支山被化整爲零分散到各種行爲之中。消費者支付補償金之後，其個人非營利之重製行爲，完全不受著作權人重製權的限制。3、廢除非營利目的非法重製之刑事責任。4、建構取得資訊的良好法制環境。5、國家應將其掌握之資源多投入公共領域，釋出國有的著作權，要求公立教學及研究機構及人員應將其研究成果提供或將取得資料限期公開。

關鍵字

公共領域 ； 重製權補償金制度 ； 智慧財產權 ； 著作權法 ； 專利權法 ； 商標權法 ； 合理使用 ； TRIPS協定 ； 政府資訊公開法 ； 伯恩公約

並列摘要

The information era is paradoxically facing the danger of an ever shrinking public domain, which is vital to the creation, accumulation, dissemination and enjoyment of works and the furtherance of mankind. This paper endeavors to stress the importance of maintaining public domain and to envision concrete suggestions to its success. It comes up with the following: l. To conceptualize and institutionalize public domain at the level of Constitution, so as to strike a fine balance between public and private interest Whenever private copyright gets expanded, public interest shall be counter-balanced by taking into consideration of the need of a healthy public domain. 2. To introduce copyright substitution levies as an extra source of income for copyright holders as premises for legalizing private reproductions, which are anyway beyond the reach of law. 3. To abolish criminal penalty for private and non-commercial reproductions. 4. To create a legal environment that is conducive to the acquirement of information. 5. To release works owned by public sector into public domain via Creative Common mechanism.

並列關鍵字

public domain ； copyright substitution levies ； intellectual property rights ； copyright ； Patent ； Trademark ； Fair Use ； TRIPs Agreement ； Berne Convention ； Free Culture

參考文獻

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Fisher, William(2004).Promises to Keep-Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment.203-204.

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