工作場所基因測試在美國所引起之就業歧視爭議

Controversies over Employment Discrimination Arising from Genetic Testing in the Workplace in the United States

焦興鎧(Cing-Kae Chiao)

《臺大法學論叢》 35卷6期 (2006/11) Pp. 169-239

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2006.35.06.04

摘要

本文之目的：是要對美國雇主對其員工（或應徵者）進行工作場所基因檢測所引發之各項就業歧視上之相關爭議，做一全面性之回顧友檢視，除探討所衍生之各項問題外，並將對其寶貴施結果之優劣良應做一綜合評析，以做爲我國日後建構相同制度時參考援引之用。除序言外，全文內容共分五大部分：第一部分將探討這類檢測近年來在美國與起之背景。第二部分則說明鼓勵及禁止這類檢測之相關聊邦立法。第三部分將研究這類檢測所可能引發之各項種族、性別及身心障礙者就業歧視問題。第四部分將對該國規範工作場所基因檢測法制之優劣及引起爭議之處加以評析。同時，也會對雇主所採取之各項因應對策加以檢視，並探討提議中之改革措施。最後，本文在結語中以三個階段爲期，提出我國未來而對此類新興形職場勞資爭議時所應採取之各項具體作爲。

關鍵字

就業歧視 ； 工作場所檢測及監控 ； 工作場所基因檢測 ； 就業上基因歧視 ； 就業上身心障礙歧視 ； 差別待遇 ； 差別影響 ； 一九九○年美國身心障礙人士法 ； 一九七三年復健法 ； 一九六四年民權法第七章

並列摘要

The purpose of this article is to make an in-depth evaluation of employment discrimination controversies arising from genetic conducted by employers on their employees (or job applicants) in the workplace in the United States. In addition to examining various aspects relating to racial, sex and disability discrimination in employment, it al tries to review the merits, shortcomings and controversies about America practice. The contents of the article are divided into five sections. Section One will discuss the background about utilizing this testing in the American workplace in the past thirty years. Section Two examines several federal labor statutes and Executive Order, which either encourage or prohibit, the kind of screening. Section Three delves into various aspects of employment discrimination arising from genetic testing in the workplace. Section For assesses the merits, shortcomings, controversies of the American and details the responses from employers and other related reform Finally, in the Concluding Section, it will offer, through three stages, proposals for the Government and local business entities in order to face same challenge in the near future.

並列關鍵字

Employment Discrimination ； Testing and Screening in the Workplace ； Genetic Testing in the Workplace ； Genetic Discrimination in Employment ； Disability Discrimination in Employment ； Disparate Treatment ； Dispa

參考文獻

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