研究自由與其界限

Freedom of Research and Boundaries of Academic Freedom (Forschungsfreiheit und ihre Grenzen)

Christian Starck

《臺大法學論叢》 37卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 391-406

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2008.37.04.08

摘要

本文首先界定憲法所保障之研究自由的意涵，據此，憲法所保障者係學術性研究的自由。如是，則必須進一步確定，何謂學術性研究。本文認定，學術涉及得是：藉由認知各種自然現象、社會現象彼此的邏輯性關聯與關係來獲取知識，以及認知的理論；此種活動的特徵表現在：有計畫地致力於合理的確證與安排。研究自由有其界限。首先，由學術概念概念本身就可以推導出研究自由的內在界限；在此涉及的是學術性違失行為，其嚴重侵害學術倫理，不再能歸屬學術的倫理性概念。研究自由亦有其外在界限，這是為維護公益或他人權利所課予的界限。作為限制研究自由之根據的法益主要有四：人格權、環境保護、人的身體與生命以及，人性尊嚴；本文並分別探討以此四種法益限制學術性研究的案例。

關鍵字

研究自由 ； 學術性研究 ； 研究自由的內在界限 ； 學術倫理 ； 研究自由的外在界限 ； 人格權 ； 環境保護 ； 人的身體與生命 ； 人性尊嚴 ； 比例原則

並列摘要

This article is about confining the meaning of freedom of research that Constitution ensures, accordingly, academic freedom. Thus it is required to convince that what is academic research. The definition of academy in this article refers to one acquiring knowledge by way of indicating the logical relations in natural and cultural phenomena, and a distinguishing feature is devoting himself to rational certifications in a planned way. Academic freedom does have its limitations. First of all we can deduce the internal boundaries of academic freedom from academy itself. Violation of academy is here involved, for damage to ethics of academy; it is no longer regarded as an ethical conception of academy. There are also external boundaries of academic freedom, and they come from public interests or people's rights conserved. The four main legislated advantages that restrict academic freedom are personal rights, environmental protection, human bodies and beings, and human dignity. Meanwhile we will discuss practical cases about freedom of research restricted by these four legislated advantages.

並列關鍵字

freedom of research ； academic freedom ； academic research ； internal boundaries of academic freedom ； ethics of academy ； external boundaries of academic freedom ； personal rights ； environmental protection ； bodies and beings ； human dignity ； principle of proportionality

參考文獻

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(2005).Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinsehaften.(Die Europäische Chaste für Forschung).

Süddeutsehe Zeitung

Christian Starck(2005).von Mangoldt/Klein/Starck, Grundgesetz.

Christian Starck(2002).Verfassungsrechtliche Grenzen der Biowissenschaft und Fortpflanzungsmedizin.(JZ).