著作權法係為平衡著作人利益及社會公共利益而設,而公共利益乃著作利用人權益的集合概念,雖然在著作權法的條文規範中,有許多地方可看出立法者細心維護利用人權益的痕跡,但是由於著作權法的規範方式是先劃出著作人之著作權,再以權利限制、抗辯或例外的方式保留利用人權益,因此使得利用人權益較容易在政策決定過程中被忽視或犧牲,如此的發展趨勢隨著數位科技的進步與著作權保護範圍逐漸擴張而益趨明顯。因此,明確界定利用人及利用行為在著作權制度中的應有位置,實有其必要性。本文首先觀察利用行為與著作權法立法目的之關聯,再點出利用行為於具體規範中之重要性,接著分析著作利用人之類型與利用行為之社會價值,該等價值雖然隱晦,但卻與著作權法促進國家文化發展之立法目的密切相關。本文並以防盜拷措施與合理使用規範之立法及司法實務,具體說明考量利用人權益與否對於著作權政策思維與實踐之實際影響。本文之目的,並不在於建立一套完整的利用人理論,而是希望藉由議題的聚焦,喚起著作權法學術及實務界對於利用人的重視,並確保其在著作權制度中的主體性,以協助建構一個平衡而健全的著作權政策。
The goal of copyright law is not only for private interest but also for public interest. Public interest in copyright law can be viewed as the collective interest of copyright users. Although the legislative intent of protecting users can be found in most of the copyright statutes, users' interests have been occasionally ignored in the copyright policymaking processes. This is partly because the framer of contemporary copyright system chose to first define the copyright scope for owners, and then preserve users' interests as limitations, defenses, or exceptions to copyright. In recent years, users' interests have been furthered sacrificed because of the advance of digital technology and the increasingly strong power posed by the copyright industry. Therefore, it is time to identify the role of copyright users and their behaviors in our copyright system.This article first draws the relationship between users and the goal of copyright law, and then explores how copyright statutes cope with users and their behaviors. Different types of users and their roles in copyright regime are analyzed as well. This article argues that users' behaviors have important social value that is closely related with the legislative goal of copyright. Finally, using technological protection measures and fair use as examples, this article illustrates how considering users will affect the result of copyright policymaking and court decisions. The aim of this article is not to build a perfect theory for copyright users, but to urge policymaker to put more emphasis on copyright users.
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