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摹狀奇山異水‧呈顯樂園鏡像-台灣清領時期古典詩文中的日月潭

Scenic Spot Writing and Mirror Image Representation: The Sun Moon Lake in Taiwanese Classic Poetry during the Qing Empire Occupied Period

摘要


台灣在清領時期的詩文當中,與日月潭有關者以季麒光《台灣雜記》爲最早,其後則有「蔣志」、「高志」以及「周志」,這些書中的描寫比較偏向口傳文學的誇張與奇幻,到了郁永河《稗海紀遊》與陳夢林《諸羅縣志》,逐漸回歸事實,而周鍾瑄〈水沙浮嶼〉則是第一首關於日月潭的詩作。藍鼎元在來台的1721至1722年間根據前人撰述以及傳聞而撰成〈紀水沙連〉,雖然少了實際勘查的真實性,不過結構完整,文采斐然,仍然頗有可讀性。《台海使槎錄》則收錄了黃叔璥以及黃吳祚的詩作,以類似竹枝詞的筆觸描述日月潭的自然與人文景觀,至於《重修福建台灣府志》等地方志書對於日月潭的記載則因缺乏新資料而僅是前人著作之抄錄。到了1823年,出現了第一篇親自踏查的忠實紀錄-鄧傳安〈遊水裏社記〉,首次記載了日月潭之,而且發現「浮田而耕」乃無稽之談,這些對於日後相關詩作亦頗有影響。在「彰化八景」與「雲林八景」之中,日月潭皆名列其中,亦有不少相關詩作。清領時期關於日月潭的詩文之作者,除了鄧傳安與劉韻珂之外,幾乎都沒有實際現場遊歷的經驗,所以只好根據傳聞與想像而寫,造成特定主題以及傳統文化符碼一再重複使用,再現與虛擬揉雜難分,但日月潭形象之塑造過程及其歷時性的遞嬗軌跡亦在其間清楚呈顯,而許多優秀詩作至今仍感維妙維肖,十分膾炙人口。

並列摘要


Sun Moon Lake is the most famous sight-seeing resort in Taiwan. During the Qing empire occupied period (1683~1895), several writers wrote poems and proses about this lake. In earlier period, Sun Moon Lake was thought of as a magical place. Because at that time few Han immigrants could arrived there, the writers wrote these texts according to the rumors. In middle and later periods, a few writers visited Sun Moon Lake actually, and recorded the real situation. In these nearly thirty texts, Sun Moon Lake was always described as a place for taking refuge and retreating away from the turmoil of the world. It is the representation mirror image about paradise.

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