論隋唐學禮中的鄉飲酒禮

On the Wine-drinking Ceremony of Local School Rites during the Shui-Tang Times

高明士(Ming-Shih Kao)

《玄奘人文學報》 6期 (2006/02) Pp. 33-61

https://doi.org/10.29956/HCHJ.200602.0002

摘要

隋唐在學校所舉行的鄉飲酒禮當中，是以鄉飲酒禮作爲學生卒業向中央貢士的禮儀。論其實例，中央的國子監無聞，其實施頗爲可疑，遑論弘文、崇文兩館。地方州縣學校的鄉飲酒禮，隋朝以來本以學生（「舉人」）爲主體，但是唐朝以後，因爲實施貢舉的關係，乃逐漸改變成爲以「貢人」（鄉貢）爲主，但舉行禮儀地點仍在學校，時問可能在玄宗開元六年(710)以後。至於在學校所舉行的養老禮，隋唐時代恐怕是有名無實。這樣的變化，當與學禮唯行釋奠之禮有密切關係。這是唐初推廣「廟學」教育制度以來，值得注意的一項發展。

並列摘要

During the Wine-drinking Ceremony of Local School Rites of the Shui-Tang times, it is a presentation of local school graduates to the Central Court by this local Wine-drinking ceremony. As for the practice, we have never heard about its taking place in the Imperial University. It is doubtful that it was ever practiced there, let alone the Hongwen and Chongwen Institutes. During the local Wine-drinking ceremony of the County and Department Government, the local students constituted the main body in Shui Dynasty. But after Tang Dynasty, owing to the practice of recommendation of elites by local officials, this ceremony was gradually for the local candidates to be recommended. The Ceremony was still held in schools after 710 AD. As for the Ceremony of Providing the Aged, it was probably only in name but not in reality during the Shui-Tang times. This was probably a result of the practice of sole ”sacrifice-offering” of the School Rites of the time. This is a significant development since the propagation of ”Confucius Temple School System” of the Early Tang times.