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敦煌文獻中的北宗禪

The Northern School's teaching of the Dunhuang Manuscripts

摘要


本文對於北宗禪法的研究,以語錄、論著類文獻為主,將「五方便門」寫本、《頓悟真宗要訣》、「《修心要論》連寫本」、《觀心論》、「《圓明論》與〈阿摩羅識〉」等五件文書,區分為主要文獻與爭議文獻兩類。所謂主要文獻,是能具體呈現北宗禪法的文書;而爭議文獻則是經過論證、分析後,認定不能歸類為北宗文獻的文書。因此本文的研究方法,是建立在文獻考證的基礎上,先肯定「五方便門」寫本與《頓悟真宗要訣》等為主要文獻後,再據以建構北宗禪法,再做為內在的證據,輔以外在的證據,說明爭議文獻非北宗文書的理由,以釐清北宗的文獻與禪法內容。

並列摘要


This study about the Northern School's teaching is based on Chan master's 'Recorded Sayings' and Treatises from Dunhuang manuscripts which are Wu Fangbian Men, Dunwu Zhenzong Yaolun, the long manuscripts of Xiuxin Yaolun, Guanxin Lun, and Yuanming Lun. In the pass these texts were treated as the Northern School's literatures, but according to the philosophy of Chan Buddhism, especially in the theories of mind and the way of practice, we will find that the five texts have obvious difference. Some of them in the theories of mind have Chan Buddhism's tradition, and others don't. Therefore the goal of this essay is trying to clarify the difference, divide these texts into main literatures and controversial literatures, and explain it.

參考文獻


唐.宗密 《圓覺經略疏鈔》,《卍續藏》冊 15。
清.董誥等 《全唐文及拾遺》,大化書局。
民國.羅振玉 《芒洛塚遺文四編》,《石刻史料新編》第 1 輯第 19 冊,臺北:新文豐出版股份有限公司,1977 年。
冉雲華 〈「稠禪師意」的研究〉,《敦煌學》第 6 輯,1983 年 6 月。
徐文明 〈禪宗第八代北宗弘正大師〉,《敦煌學輯刊》1999 年第 2 期。

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