近代華東地區的女球員(1927-1937)：以報刊雜誌為主的討論

Female Ball Game Players in Eastern China (1927-1937): A Discussion Based on Newspapers and Journals of That Period

游鑑明(Chien-Ming Yu)

《近代史研究所集刊》 32期 (1999/12) Pp. 57-122

https://doi.org/10.6353/BIMHAS.199912.0057

摘要

1927-1937年間，由於國民政府大力倡導體育活動，體育界對「體育救國」的觀念多方鼓吹，運動競賽顯著增加，女子球賽之頻繁前所未見。其中重要球賽因多數集中在華東，上海女球隊的表現又是全國之冠，因此本文以此期華東地區的女球員爲例，並就資料較豐富的當代期刊報紙進行研究。首先從組織女子球隊與訓練女球員這兩方面著手探討，藉此暸解成爲女球員的歷程；其次根據各類型球賽，綜觀女球員如何馳聘球場展開球員生涯；其三探討球賽對女球員公、私領域的影響，並進一步觀照大眾的反映；最後從不同觀眾心目中的女球員形象，展現女球員的多種面貌。本文是透過近代女子體育暸解女球員的產生、發展及其動向，不強調女子體能教育與女球員的關係，而是重視球賽對成爲女球員或已是女球員的影響，還有社會大眾與女球員的互動，並呈現其間的社會與文化意涵；此外，兼論當時的女性形象與兩性問題。總之，處在女權思潮蓬勃、自主解放意識高漲和都市新女性當道的時代，女球員能超越性別界限，與異性分享和共爭球場；同時有機會藉球員的角色反映社會時尚。儘管女球員的表現毀譽參半，但毋可否認的是，在人爲塑造和時尚所趨下她們獨領風騷，且是這個時代重要的社會新群體。

關鍵字

女球員 ； 籃球 ； 排球 ； 男女共賽 ； 球賽

並列摘要

Between 1927 and 1937, the National Government's strong promotion of athletic activities and athletic circles' advocacy of the concept of ”Saving the Nation through Sports” led to a significant increase in the number of athletic competitions. Ball game competitions among female athletes also reached unprecedented frequency. Because most of the ball game competitions were held in Eastern China, with the Shanghai women's team showing the national best performance, this paper will cite the case of women athletes in Eastern China using relatively abundant data obtained from newspapers and journals of that period. Probes will be centered on two areas: Organization of female teams and the training of women athletes. This allows an understanding of how they became ball game players. Based on the various types of ball games, how these women athletes went about with their life in the ball court will be studied. Probes will be made on how ball games have affected these female athletes in their public and private life and what had been the public’s reaction to them. Finally, by studying the images of these female athletes in the minds of spectators, this paper will showcase the various facets of women athletes of that time. This paper will look into how women athletes were generated, and their development and orientation through a study of modern-period female athletic education. Stress will not be made on the relationship between women physical education and female athletes. Instead, emphasis will be on the effects of ball game competitions on the process of becoming a female ball game athlete and on those who were already accomplished athletes. The question of interaction between the general public and female athletes will also be raised, including their social and cultural connotations. Side issues like women's image and gender relationship will also be touched upon. In summary, at a time of the rise of women's rights, self-determination and liberation, as well as the ascent of the new urban women, female athletes were able to transcend the barriers of gender, thus sharing honors and competing with their male counterparts for ball courts. They at the same time reflected the trend of the times through their role as female ball game players. Although their performances showed both extremes, it is undeniable that through image shaping and trends, they were in a sense unique. In fact, they represented a new and important social group in that period of time.

並列關鍵字

Female ball game players ； basketball ； volleyball ； mixed-gender competitions ； ball game competitions

參考文獻

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(1937)。丁丑年刊。

(1927)。女生籃球賽，大勝愛國。復旦旬刊。創刊號

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(1933)。所謂浙省建設運動會（案：原記「動運會」）者。體育評論。14