張人傑與杭州電廠

Zhang Renjie and the Hangzhou Electric Plant

王樹槐(Shu-Hwai Wang)

《近代史研究所集刊》 43期 (2004/03) Pp. 1-56

https://doi.org/10.6353/BIMHAS.200403.0001

摘要

張人傑任浙江省主席時，接管杭州大有利電氣公司，改名為杭州電廠。後來浙江省政府因財政困難，又出讓杭州電廠給企信銀團經營。本文以接管電廠及出讓電廠之事，分析其前因後果，有助於對此一史事的了解。
張人傑，黨國要人，有豐富的政治資源，又有建設理念，他大力推展浙江交通與動力的基礎建設，以期發展浙江省的經濟。他的建設理念中，以主張民營最為特出，其次是他相信事在人為。這些也代表他的行事風格。
他既主張民營，何以又接管民營電業公司？原因是他的民營理念是有條件的，對公用事業尤然。為了國家社會需要，政府有不得不加以干預對情况。他對事在人為理念，並非毫無困難。當遇到財政困難時，只好出讓杭州電廠給財團經營。接管電廠有其先例可援，以往經驗使他接管大有利公司更為順利。出讓杭州電廠得宜，又種下他日後出讓首都電廠及戚墅堰電廠當心理因素，此與其主張民營當理念亦相合。
他期望浙江基礎建設會帶來經濟發展，但效果未能於短期間內出現，原因是浙江但地理形勢與位置使然。當時上海已成為經濟中心，而浙江有如其邊緣地帶。據中心－邊緣理論，邊緣地區但人力、資金與自然資源往往向中心地區移動，上海許多有名但工商人士多為浙江籍。在電氣市場上，需求面決定供給面，所以新建電廠對經濟的發展，並不如預期有效。但當邊遠地區變成副中心區或新中心區，電力需求自會大量增加。此外，人類對電氣知識對增加與使用對推廣，也是電氣使用增加的一大原因。今日之杭州就是一例。回顧歷史，張人傑是一位有遠見的人。

關鍵字

張人傑 ； 浙江省 ； 杭州電廠 ； 企信銀團 ； 大有利電氣公司

並列摘要

When Zhang Renjie became the Chairman of the Government of Zhejiang Province, he took over the Dayouli Electric Power Company and renamed it the Hangzhou Electric plant. Roughly three years later, due to a shortage of funds, the Provincial Government of Zhejiang sold the plant to the Qixin Group of Bankers. This paper discusses the sequence of the events at that time and analyzes the causes and consequences of them. Zhang Renjhieh, an important figure in the Guomindang, had abundance of political resources. He believed in four ideologies of economic construction, the most significant of which was his promotion of privatization of great enterprises. He also believed that success or failure is ultimately determined by men's abilities and the efforts they put in. These beliefs show his personal characteristics.
Zhang did not promote privatization of enterprises unconditionally. Sometimes the situation forced him to do the opposite-taking over private electric companies for the benefit of society. His belief in ability and effort was not without challenge. When he was short in funds, he had to sell the Hangzhou Electric Plant to a group of bankers. The experience of taking over a private electric company paved the road for the success of taking over the Dayouli Electricity Company. And selling this plant later on also became a precedent for selling the Capital Electric Plant and the Qishu'an Electric Plant to the China Development Finance Corporation in 1936. This was consistent with his belief in privatization of enterprises. Zhang devoted himself to building up Zhejiang's infrastructure, hoping that electric power supplies would encourage economic development.
However, the demand for electricity increased more slowly than expected. Zhang's efforts did not show any great results right away. This was due to Zhejiang's geographic location. At that time Shanghai was China's economic center, and Zhejiang merely a periphery of Shanghai. According to the center-periphery theory, manpower, funds, and natural resources flowed from Zhejiang into Shanghai. Many famous merchants and entrepreneurs in Shanghai were Zhejiang natives. In the electricity market, the demand drives the supply, and so it would take a long time to form a new economic center. When the peripheral area becomes a new center or a subsidiary center, this would then create greater demand for electricity. In addition, better knowledge of electricity also helps the acceptance of it. Today's Hangzhou is a good example of this transition. Therefore, in retrospect, we can conclude that Zhang Renjie was a man of vision.

並列關鍵字

Zhang Renjie ； Zhejiang Province ； Hangzhou Electric Plant ； Qixin Group of Bankers ； Dayouli Electricity Company

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