晚明《孝經》論述的宗教性意涵：虞淳熙的孝論及其文化脈絡

Religious Dimensions of Filial Piety Developed during the Late Ming: Yu Chunxi's Interpretation of the Xiaojing and Its Cultural Context

呂妙芬(Miaw-Fen Lu)

《近代史研究所集刊》 48期 (2005/06) Pp. 1-46

https://doi.org/10.6353/BIMHAS.200506.0001

摘要

本文討論晚明對《孝經》一種具宗教性意涵的論述，此論述以虞淳熙為代表，並與當時儒、釋、道三教融合的學術文化現象密切相關。本文主要分為兩部份：第一部份為虞淳熙論孝的內容，說明虞淳熙以孝為宇宙秩序源頭、自然與人事的應然規範，也是聖賢之學的主要旨義，並以孝為判準，譜畫出中國文明學統的宗傳圖。虞淳熙認為，至孝感通神明的境界是學的最高境界，又相信人人心中有神明，都能夠透過愛敬的齋戒心法（全孝心法）達到此境界，故他的孝論也十分強調齋戒修心的工夫，此齋戒之法又以《禮記》為依歸。
第二部份討論虞淳熙的孝論所具有的豐富文化思想資源，反映著前代《孝經》學與長期三教融合的學衛背景，亦與晚明的學術氛圍密切相關。試圖從釋道二教的孝觀、晚明袾宏的淨土佛教、元以降高度理學化的淨明道，以及晚明羅汝芳、楊起元一脈的良知學，來說明此孝論的豐富文化脈絡。

關鍵字

孝經 ； 虞淳熙 ； 袾宏 ； 淨明道 ； 羅汝芳 ； 楊起元

並列摘要

This article discusses a discourse on the Xiaojing (The Classic of Filial Piety) with rich religious implications that developed during the late Ming. This discourse was closely related to the contemporary syncretism of the Three Teachings, and its central figure was Yu Chunxi. This paper begins with an examination of Yu Chunxi's ideas about filial piety, and then turns to the intellectual and cultural context that informed Yu's ideas. Yu Chunxi promoted filial piety beyond the level of mere ethical relations, treating it instead as a cosmic creative force and the natural order. He believed that it possible to communicate with a Spirit intimately involved in human affairs through true acts of filial piety. He therefore proposed the ”mental practice of devotion to filiality” as key to filial acts, a practice he grounded in the Liji (The Book of Rites) emphasizing long-term constant cultivation in ways that were similar to the practices of mind cultivation found in the Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism of the day. Yu also expressed his vision of Chinese cultural transmission by the sole criterion of filial piety.
Turning to the context of Yu's thought, this paper focuses on previous studies of the Xiaojing and the syncretism of the Three Teachings. In addition to delineating Yu's debts to earlier religious interpretations of the Xiaojing during the Han and Six Dynasties and some similar concepts of filial piety in both Buddhist and Daoist traditions, it is also important to note the close relationship between Yu's thought and contemporary Yangming Confucianism.

並列關鍵字

Xiaojing ； Yu Chunxi ； Zhu Hong ； Jingming Dao ； Luo Rufang ； Yang Qiyuan

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