泥岩區農民的生活世界與環境識覺形構－以燕巢、田寮為例

Formation of Environmental Perception from the Farmers' Life-world in the Mudstone Area-A Case Study of Yenchao and Tienliao, Taiwan

韓菊美(Jiu-Mei Han)

《社會與區域發展學報》 3卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 89-126

https://doi.org/10.29868/JSRD.201206.0004

摘要

人的環境識覺形構，基本上脫離不了他的生活世界，因此，識覺研究應是以人作為一個主體，對內外在環境的所感、所知及所為的意象因素的反應。本研究嘗試以燕巢、田寮地區的農民為主體，探究他們對泥岩區的環境識覺。因為泥岩容易被沖蝕，泥岩的土壤缺乏保水力，且pH值高，並不適合植物的生長，然而，為何仍有人願意付出較高的成本在貧瘠的泥岩土地上墾耕？本研究藉由胡塞爾現象學的「生活世界」理論、海德格存在主義之詮釋現象學，用人和語言之間的探問關係作為理解環境識覺形構的媒介；以交談分析法具體操作，進行語言文本的拆解與再整合分析。本研究把農民的生活世界劃分為物質世界、可塑世界與感官世界。農民的物質世界可謂「天不時、地不利、人不和」；其可塑世界只能「盡人事、聽天命」的去適應；而其感官世界則由生活中的感官經驗意涵所編織而成。本研究透過揭示農民生活世界的主題，形構出農民的環境識覺內涵。值得注意的是，由於特定水土保持區的劃定，使泥岩區的土地利用深受政策法令的約束，但是農民更深層的土地感是讓農民世代必須繼續墾耕於此的基礎。由此基礎，可形構出農民對泥岩區不同層次的環境識覺內涵。

關鍵字

環境識覺 ； 農民 ； 泥岩區 ； 現象學 ； 生活世界

並列摘要

Environmental perception of human being is basically formed by his life-world. Therefore, the study of human perception of environment should emphasize the subjectivity, i.e., human responses to the internal and external image factors of environment, including sense of feeling, consciousness and behaviors. This study tends to explore farmers' perception of mudstone environment based on a presumption that the farmers at Yenchao and Tienliao are deemed as the subjectivity. The question has often been asked: why are people willing to fight to survive in the hostile mudstone country despite that the mudstone is susceptible to soil erosion and unsuitable to croplands with low water retention capacity and high pH? Adopting Husserl's phenomenological theory of ”life-world” and Heidegger's hermeneutical phenomenology of existentialism, this paper attempted to construct human environmental perception by inquiring the relationship between people and their language. The study carried out the conversational analysis of language text by dismantling and re-integrating the text. This study divides the farmers' life-world into three categories, namely, the physical world, the adaptive world and the sensible world. The physical world provides the farmers with little resources and puts many constraints on the life-world. The farmers' life-world in the mudstone country is situated in an unfavorable environment which is lack of opportunity and bureaucratic support. In the adaptive world, the farmers can barely rely upon themselves to transform barren lands into farmlands by improving soils and digging ponds and basins. While the sensible world is weaved by the farmer's cognition of sensible experience on their life. The connotation of the farmers' environmental perception was constructed by the subjects of their life-world disclosed by this study. Furthermore, laws and regulations impose restrictions on the utilization of mudstone area due the need of soil and water conservation. We found the farmers' deeper sense of the land is, however, the basis for continuing cultivation in this barren land for generations. These situations constructed the farmers' environmental perception of the mudstone country in different hierarchy.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Perception ； Farmer ； Mudstone ； Life-world ； Phenomenology

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