中日談判下的在華日人輿論與宣傳：以《順天時報》對中日二十一條交涉報導為例

Japanese Public Opinion and Propaganda in China under the Sino-Japanese Negotiations: A Discourse Analysis of Shuntian Times' Coverage on the Twenty-One Demands

楊鎵民(Jia-Min Yang)

《暨南史學》 17期 (2014/07) Pp. 211-269

摘要

本文以在華日人報社－《順天時報》為主要研究對象，分析中日二十一條交涉時期，在華日人輿論與宣傳的內容。這樣的分析，有別於以往研究大多關注於中國報紙及國民輿論的取向。在華日人的角色敏感，尤其在經營報社上，除了要為本國謀求利益外，又需顧及中國人民的感受，因此《順天時報》是如何報導中日敏感議題呢？本文主要探討《順天時報》的宣傳動機、手段、內容，並試著分析此報對袁世凱政府的宣傳效果和反效果。在結論部分，筆者認為《順天時報》的言論常與日本政策並行，使得日本政府可以利用本身的力量再加上媒體的宣傳，以雙重的攻勢使中國政府倍感壓力，繼而就範。而中國當局則採取將計就計的態度，把《順天時報》作為觀察日本輿論情形的工具並利用之。最後，雖然《順天時報》傾向於維護日本利益，不過也因其在華日人報社的特殊身分，而有其超然理性的一面。

關鍵字

中日談判 ； 在華日人 ； 順天時報 ； 二十一條

並列摘要

The essay focuses on Shuntian Times' coverage on the Sino-Japanese Twenty-One Demands (1915). ＂Shuntian Times＂ (順天時報) is a Japanese newspaper in Beijing (北京) China. On Twenty-One Demand, most research pay attention to Chinese newspaper and propaganda, but this essay focuses on Japanese public opinion and propaganda in China. The role of Japanese in China was sensitive, especially when they were running newspaper. How did ＂Shuntian Times＂ report on Sino-Japanese issue when it had to take care of both Chinese and Japanese's opinions? The essay analyzes Shuntian Times' propaganda strategy and its effect on the Yuan Shih-kai(袁世凱) government. The article suggests that Shuntian Times' standpoint coordinated with Japanese government's ruling strategy. It allows the Japanese government to take advantage of the media as a publicity organ, exerting pressure on the Yuan Shih-kai government to accept the agreement. On the other hand, the Yuan Shih-kai government also used ＂Shuntian Times＂ as a counterplot. It used the press to observe Japanese public opinion. Finally, because of its unique role, ＂Shuntian Times＂ maintained objectivity by positioning itself at arm's length between two governments.

並列關鍵字

Sino-Japanese Negotiations ； Japanese in China ； ＂Shuntian Times＂ ； the Twenty-One Demands

參考文獻

蕭明禮(2007)。五四運動時期中國知識份子的亞洲言說─以《順天時報》為個案的探討。暨南史學。9，61-85。

黃慶福(1976)。東亞同文會—日本在華文教活動研究之一。中央研究院近代史研究所集刊。5，352。

吉野作造，《日支交涉論》（東京：警醒社書店，1915）

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Division of International Law: The Sino-Japanese negotiations of 1915; Japanese and Chinese documents and Chinese official statement (Washington: The Endowment, 1921).

〈對華問題之解決〉，《順天時報》（北京），1915 年1 月24 日，2 版