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Gardner氏症候群之口腔表現

Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations of Gardner's Syndrome

摘要


家族性大腸瘜肉症(familial adenomatous polyposis,簡稱FAP)是一種體染色體顯性遺傳性疾病,主要是因為體染色體5q21的基因突變所致。在症狀初期,大腸內通常會出現許多腺瘤,而且最後幾乎都會轉變為大腸癌。目前研究顯示基因突變的位置與疾病發生的時間和嚴重度有明顯相關。而Gardner氏症候群是屬於FAP的其中一種型式,在其環口放射線攝影中可觀察到骨瘤、齒瘤、多生牙及阻生齒。目前對於家族性大腸瘜肉症的患者,大多是建議進行全結腸直腸切除術,以減少大腸直腸瘤的發生機會。同時對患有Gardner氏症候群病患的家族成員進行基因篩檢,能有效減少55%的大腸癌,也可增加大腸癌患者的累計存活率。當牙醫師在例行的臨床檢查及放射片檢查中,若能及早注意此症候群特有的牙科病徴,將有助於疾病的早期診斷與治療。 當病患來到牙科求診或進行例行性口腔檢查時,經常會進行環口放射片攝影的檢查,以幫助診斷。有時候除了求診相關的病兆外,偶爾也會在環口放射片中發現骨瘤、多生牙與阻生齒。在許多的可能性中,Gardner氏症候群常合併有這些顎骨的問題,是其中一種不可忽視的重要疾病。而Gardner氏症候群是屬於家族性大腸瘜肉症(familial adenomatous polyposis,簡稱FAP)的其中一種型式,如果患者不治療此病症,在35到40歲時,有將近100%的機率會演變成大腸癌。而目前大腸直腸癌居國內癌症十大死亡原因之第三位,是國人需要高度注意的疾病。

並列摘要


Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant, hereditary colon cancer syndrome. The genetic defect in FAP has been linked to mutation on chromosome 5q21. It is characterized by the presence of innumerable adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, and there is nearly 100% progression colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies showed a clear correlation between the location of the mutation on the APC gene and the onset time and severity features. Gardner's syndrome is a variant of FAP, which presents odontomas, supernumerary teeth and impacted teeth on panoramic radiograph. Total colectomy is the recommended treatment to reduce the risk of CRC in FAP patients. Screening of patients and family members had led to a 55%, reduction in the occurrence of CRC at diagnosis of FAP, and an improvement in cumulative survival for all FAP patients. General dental practitioner may be the first health care professional to review the dental panoramic tomogram of a patient with Gardner's syndrome. Dentist's knowledge on the clinical and radiological stigmas of Gardner's syndrome may lead to appropriate further investigation and treatment of the disease.

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