Tainan was the oldest city in Taiwan, but because of the technical development and whole economical level was inertia, there was not much substantial development before 1895. 1n the colonial period, Tainan again lost its historical and economic importance for the rise of Taipei. Tainan has changed so quickly and it has become the regional industrial center when Taiwan became the part of world economic labor division since. 1950. The study tries to discuss its development and structure changes from different stages. Of course, the spatial structure of population, the variations of industries and their influences on environment after 1950 are our main subjects to concern.