王正廷和孔祥熙在國際奧會中對“一個中國”問題之作爲(1949~1957)－以王、孔兩氏與國際奧會的通信內容為研究中心

1949年以後，IOC出現兩個中國問題。為此，中國籍的IOC委員王正廷和孔祥熙，究竟為中華民國奧會做了些什麼，值得探究。本文採用歷史研究法，以王、孔兩人與當時IOC的相關通信內容為史料主體，藉以了解兩位委員在IOC中對「一個中國」問題的作為，是為本研究之目的。研究時間為1949~1957年。史料無法確保無所遺漏，是其限制。研究結論如下：首先，除了王正廷出席了1955年IOC的年會之外，兩人都沒有參加1949年以後的任何一屆年會，顯然嚴重失職。不過，他們都持反共立場，對IOC提供必要的言責，只是沒有太大的效用。其次，1952年的IOC年會，是第一個有關中華民國奧會的重要會議，但是王氏已經70歲，孔氏則有72歲，要求遠赴芬蘭開會，不免強人所難；於此也特別顯得1955年王氏遠赴法國參加IOC年會的愛國熱忱。不過，若要以此比較王、孔兩人的用心程度，則應考量孔氏本來就不熱衷於體育事務，受任IOC委員，應是基於幫忙的心態，和王正廷並不相同。但是，筆者認為：兩人原初不出席IOC年會的理由，都在畏於兩岸軍事情況的不明，怕出國後回不了僑居地。王氏曾是外交部長，孔氏是副行政院長退休，兩人都是黨國重臣，緊要關頭，全部選擇觀望，所謂「疾風知勁草，板蕩識忠臣」，不也是最佳的歷史之鏡。

關鍵字

王正廷；孔祥熙；中國；臺灣；奧林匹克

並列摘要

There were two NOCs of China in IOC after 1949. What were Wang and Kung members of the IOC done was a worthy of Inquiry. By organizing the communications between IOC and Wang and Kung to understand what were them done about this article was the purpose of this study. However, I could not sure if I have the full communications of this theme, and it was the limitation of this study. The researcher summarized this article and concluded as follows: 1. In addition to Wang attended the 1955 IOC's session, both Wang and Kung did not participate in IOC' session after 1949. Clearly, that's a serious dereliction of duty. However, they have the heart of ROC, and also to make the necessary statement for ROC to IOC, but actually it did not have much work for the status of ROC in IOC. 2. Wang was 70 years old, and Kung was 72 in 1952, it was the first important IOC's session about ROC status in IOC. They were too old to request them to join the IOC's session, and Kung was not keen on sports, in his mind as an IOC member should be a favor for Wang, therefore, that’s unfair to blame them too much. 3. But, The original reasons of Wang and Kung did not attend the IOC's session, was the dangerous military situation between the Taiwan Strait. They worried that they could not back to their colonies. Both Wang and Kong were the important officials of ROC once, they should do more.