具退化性商品在限量供貨下零售商之最佳訂購策略

The Retailer's Optimal Ordering Policy in Deteriorating Commodity with Limit Restriction of Quantity

林文豐(Wen-Feng Lin)

《中華科技大學學報》 47期 (2011/04) Pp. 197-209

https://doi.org/10.7095/JCUST.201104.0197

摘要

供應商在提供商品給零售商時，一般會依零售商的需求提供零售商相對數量的商品。但當有些商品因熱賣缺貨、限量發售或有生產量的限制等其他因素產生，致使供應商在提供商品給各零售商時會有數量上的限制。除此之外，供應商若有提供降價促銷時，下游廠商一般皆會先大量訂購以降低訂貨成本。若商品具有退化性的問題時，藉由大量訂購的採購行為不見得會降低總成本，其原因在於商品本身的退化性導致獲利降低。本文主要探討具退性商品在有限供貨量條件下最佳的特別訂購量以節省最多的成本。文中亦提出針對整數運算子存在目標函數中的處理方法，此可解決目前國內外文獻中以數值模擬尋找最佳解的方法。

關鍵字

存貨 ； 經濟訂購量 ； 降價折扣 ； 退化

並列摘要

The inventory system of economic order quantity is a popular issue in supply chain management. The inventory theorem literatures contain many interesting EOQ models. If the supplier announces a litter percent down in product or raw material costs, the buyer generally responds to the promotion by engaging in forward-buying. When supplier provides commodity to retailer, generally, supplier will offer the quantity in according to retailer's demand. But some commodity is too popular, supplier will make quantity limit to retailer. Owing to deterioration problem, it is not profitable by purchasing a large lot. In this article, we propose a deterioration inventory model with limit restriction of quantity. The objective is to determine the optimal policy in each special order such that the retailer can save maximum cost. We also explore a method to solve the problem when integer operators involve in objection function. In treating this kind of problem, all documents use numerical method to find approximate solution. We suggest a closed-form solution which is more accurate and concise.