戰火下的記憶政治：金門，1949-2008

The Politics of Memory in a Geopolitical Flashpoint: Kinmen (Quemoy), 1949-2008

宋怡明(Michael Szonyi) ； 李仁淵(Ren-Yuan Li)

《考古人類學刊》 71期 (2009/12) Pp. 47-69

https://doi.org/10.6152/jaa.2009.12.0003

摘要

1949年，在台灣海峽的小島金門成為退居台灣的蔣介石國民政府及毛澤東的中華人民共和國相互對峙之軍事前線。在全球地緣政治的對抗，以及中華民國反共的高度象徵下，金門變成歷史上高度軍事化的社會之一，一個居民的日常生活直接受到國際地緣政治影響的地方。今日，儘管軍隊已經大量撤出，軍事化與地緣政治化之結果仍然持續地遺留下來。
本文嘗試探討當前金門社會的記憶政治。藉由四種明顯的論述來討論軍事化與去軍事化經驗如何被回憶，包括正式紀念的官方論述、以及三種社會論述：英雄記憶、苦難記憶與鄉愁記憶。每種論述由不同的當代政治論爭展開，涉及的區域包括金門內部、金門與台灣、金門與中國大陸。這些討論過去的記憶方式與金門的現在及未來高度相關。本文將討論地方行動者如何以策略性(entrepreneurial)的方式來操弄集體記憶，雖然他們仍受到集體記憶的慣性所限制。我將進一步指出，大眾的記憶並不一定會顛覆官方記憶，因為官方記憶並不固定，而是由當代政治現實所構成，顛覆性的記憶亦然。

關鍵字

集體記憶 ； 記憶政治 ； 金門 ； 冷戰史 ； 軍事化

並列摘要

In 1949, the small island of Kinmen (Quemoy) in the Taiwan Strait became the front line in the military standoff between Chiang Kai-shek's Republic of China on Taiwan and Mao Zedong's People's Republic, a flashpoint of global geopolitical confrontation, and a powerful symbol of anti-Communist resolve for the Republic of China (ROC) and its allies As a result, Kinmen became one of the most highly militarized societies in history, a place where daily life was inexorably connected to international geopolitics. Though the soldiers are largely gone from Kinmen today, militarization and geopoliticization have left enduring legacies. This paper explores the politics of local memory in contemporary society. It argues that the experience of militarization and demilitarization is remembered through four distinct discourses: an official discourse of commemoration, and three social discourses: of heroic agency, of victimization, and of nostalgia. Each of these discourses is deployed in a variety of contemporary political struggles, within Kinmen, between Kinmen and Taiwan, and between Kinmen and the mainland. These ways of remembering are thus as much about Kinmen's present and future as about its past. The paper argues that local actors make use of collective memory in entrepreneurial ways, but their ability to do so is constrained by the inertia of collective memory. Furthermore, popular memory is not always subversive of official memory. Because what constitutes official memory is shaped by the current political reality, so too is what constitutes subversive memory.

並列關鍵字

collective memory ； politics of memory ； Kinmen ； Quemoy ； Cold War history ； militarization

參考文獻

江柏煒(2007)。誰的戰爭歷史？：金門戰史館的國族歷史vs.民間社會的集體記憶。民俗曲藝。156，85-155。

羊試音 2003〈刻骨銘心的八二五〉。《金門日報》3月7日。

迎曦 2003〈當年夜幕低垂時〉。《金門日報》3月8日。

翁雄飛 2003〈805部隊的故事〉。《金門日報》10月19日。

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