方以智論《莊子》－以道與物為中心

近來有關方以智（1611－1671）與《莊子》的關係，受到矚目。方以智之《藥地炮莊》以獨特的觀點重新詮解《莊子》，具有高度的批判意味。此書會通儒釋道三教，包含之主題頗多。本文從道與物兩個觀念，探討方以智對《莊子》有何修正或改造。方以智提出即器是道的看法，並從心、氣、理、自然、太極等角度描述道之不同面向。同時強調「極物」，窮究萬物之規律的必要性，以把握不可言說之道的內涵。一般而言，方以智之觀念與傳統學問的表達方式不完全相同，具有特殊的涵義。本文試說明方以智的詮解特色及論據，並作一檢討與評價，以了解其貢獻與相關問題所在。

關鍵字

方以智；莊子；道；物；氣

並列摘要

In recent years, Fang Yizhi's 方以智 relationship to the ”Zhuangzi” 莊子 has greatly interested scholars. Fang reinterprets the ”Zhuangzi” from a unique viewpoint and is highly critical. His commentary connects Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, and deals with many themes. This paper intends to explore Fang's amendment and reappraisal of the ”Zhuangzi”, especially with regard to the concepts of dao 道 and wu 物.Fang Yizhi advocates the view that ”material itself is the dao” and describes the different qualities of the dao in traditional terms such as xin 心, qi 氣, Ii 理, ziran 自然, and taiji 太極. At the same time, he insists that it is necessary to thoroughly examine the regularity of the Myriad Things (萬物wanwu) in order to grasp the ineffable significance of the dao. Generally speaking, Fang's way of expressing his arguments is not quite the same as that used in traditional scholarship, and possesses special connotations. The author explains the characteristics and grounds of Fang's interpretation as set out in his commentary on the ”Zhuangzi”, and evaluates his achievements in order to both understand his scholarly contribution and identify related problems.