新竹縣玉峰地區崩塌擾動對木本植物組成之影響

臺灣上游集水區因山高坡陡，地質破碎，地震、颱風頻繁，常造成嚴重程度不等的土砂災害，崩塌地之樹種組成亦隨著自然擾動過程而有所變化，然因崩塌地所在地區多位於山區不易到達之處，且調查崩塌地樹種組成又十分費時費力，是故此類資料較少。為了解崩塌地之樹種組成，並探討崩塌對木本植物組成之影響時間長度，本研究挑選新竹縣玉峰地區六處崩塌地作為樣區，以高倍率數位相機於2019年每月一次至這些樣區調查木本植群種類，建立該地區之樹種組成資料庫，輔以2004年至2016年歷史崩塌面積資訊，評估崩塌擾動對樹種組成現況之時間延遲影響。研究結果顯示玉峰崩塌地區六個樣區一年來共發現72種木本植物，其中有14種木本植物（包括：黃連木、羅氏鹽膚木、山漆、榔榆、櫸、車桑子、臺灣欒樹、密花苧麻、野桐、小葉桑、青剛櫟、山芙蓉、臺灣二葉松、細葉饅頭果）在至少5個樣區皆有出現，推測為當地廣泛分布之樹種。利用帕松迴歸分析，我們發現玉峰地區崩塌擾動對植生現況之影響可能長達至少10年的歷程。然而除崩塌所造成之擾動外，該地區亦受到其他自然或人為因子所造成的擾動，為更加了解各種擾動對樹種組成之影響，我們建議在各地區設立長期生態調查與監測方案，以建立具科學基礎之知識，因應未來多變的氣候與環境。

關鍵字

崩塌；自然擾動；樹種組成；帕松迴歸；廣泛分布樹種

並列摘要

In the upstream areas of Taiwan, the fragile geological structure along with periodic typhoons and earthquakes often lead to high occurrence risks of landslides. The tree composition at landslide areas also changes with the natural disturbance process. However, landslide areas are mostly located in mountainous areas that are not easy to assess, and the investigation of woody species composition at landslide areas is quite time consuming and difficult. This makes it relatively rare the comprehensive inventory of woody plants in landslide areas. Therefore, we selected six landslide sites in Yufeng, Hsinchu County and investigated their woody species composition by high magnification digital camera every month in 2019 to build up the woody species database. Then based on the information of historical landslide area from 2004 to 2016, we explored the time effects of landslide disturbance on the tree species composition at present. Field investigation results showed that there were 72 woody plant species, of which 14 species (i.e., Pistacia chinensis, Rhus chinensis var. roxburghiana, Rhus succedanea, Ulmus parvifolia, Zelkova serrata, Dodonaea viscosa, Koelreuteria henryi, Boehmeria densiflora, Mallotus japonicus, Morus australis, Quercus glauca, Hibiscus taiwanensis, Pinus taiwanensis, and Glochidion rubrum) were observed at more than 5 sites, that may be inferred as locally ubiquitous species. Employed by Poisson regression analysis, we found that each single landslide can influence species composition at present for at least 10 years. Nonetheless, aside from landslide disturbance, local species composition is also affected by other natural and anthropogenic factors. In order to partition the impact of different disturbances on woody species composition, we suggest to establish long-term ecological monitoring programs in various regions, and develop science-based knowledge for coping with the changing climate and environment in the future.

並列關鍵字

Landslide ； Natural disturbance ； Woody species composition ； Poisson regression ； Ubiquitous woody species

國際替代計量

新竹縣玉峰地區崩塌擾動對木本植物組成之影響

全文下載

主題瀏覽