應用UAV影像建置現地堰塞壩三維模型

Establishment of a 3D On-site Model of Landslide Dam Using UAV Images

楊明德(Ming-Der Yang) ； 陳韋廷(Wei-Ting Chen) ； 黃凱翔(Kai-Siang Huang)

《中華水土保持學報》 46卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 88-95

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.201506_46(2).0003

摘要

台灣地區地震、颱風、豪雨不斷，921地震後山區土質鬆動，復以連年颱風豪雨侵蝕，導致每逢颱風季節，邊坡滑動崩落而形成堰塞湖。堰塞湖潰決造成之土石流與洪水災害往往成為山區洪災之重要成因，因此發展迅速且有效之堰塞湖監測技術，為刻不容緩的重要課題。本研究使用無人載具飛行器（Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV）飛行拍照，配合潰壩實驗前所預先佈設之地面控制點，以IBM建模的方式重構出三維場景模型，可符合現階段防災測繪工作快速及成本低之要求。本研究利用現地可量測之距離做為尺度轉換之條件，研究所得結果顯示，單尺度轉換後三維模型之誤差為1.4963公尺，而雙尺度轉換三維模型精度大為提升，誤差降為平面0.8760公尺、高程0.2563公尺。進而利用此三維模型資訊計算堰塞湖壩體穩定度（Dimensionless Blockage Index, DBI），尺度轉換所得壩體穩定度為5.12，與現地測量所得壩體穩定度5.13十分相近，顯示此塞壩呈現不穩定狀態。

關鍵字

三維模型 ； 壩體穩定度

並列摘要

Landslide and debris flows due to heavy rains or earthquakes may block river flow and create landslide dams. This research applied unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Image based model (IBM) for aerial surveying and a 3D model reconstruction. This research acquired a few specific distances between recognizable ground points. Those distances were used to find out a suitable scale between the real world and the 3D reconstruction model. The error of one-scale transformation is 1.4963m, and the errors of two-scales transformation on XY and Z dimensions are 0.8760m and 0.2563m, respectively. The Dimensionless Blockage Index (DBI) value of this landslide dam is 5.13 by field surveying and 5.12 by 3D reconstruction model after two-scales transformation, which all show the landslide dam in an unstable situation.

並列關鍵字

UAV ； IBM ； 3D model ； Dimensionless Blockage Index