臺階式溢洪道滑行流相對水力參數關係研究

Study on the Relationship Between Relative Hydraulic Parameters of Skimming Flow in Stepped Spillways

馬朋輝(Peng-Hui Ma) ； 胡亞瑾(Ya-Jin Hu) ； 劉韓生(Han-Sheng Liu)

《農業工程學報》 67卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 38-49

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.202103_67(1).0004

摘要

臺階式溢洪道由於消能效果顯著、能大大減小下遊消力池的尺寸、節省工程量和投資而引起水利工程界的重視，並得到較為廣泛的研究和應用。鑒於臺階式溢洪道水流規律複雜，本文將臺階式溢洪道和同體型的光滑溢洪道進行對比研究，引入了臺階式溢洪道滑行流（Skimming flow）之相對水力參數。通過斯木塔斯水電站水工模型試驗及金瑾論文中的試驗數據，首先分析了臺階式溢洪道常規水力參數之間的關係及跌落數（Drop number）對常規水力參數間關係的影響；然後採用同樣的試驗數據分析了臺階式溢洪道相對水力參數之間的關係及跌落數對相對水力參數間關係的影響。結果表明，臺階式溢洪道常規水力參數之間呈複雜的曲線關係，跌落數對常規水力參數之間關係的影響亦較為複雜；臺階式溢洪道相對水力參數之間表現出良好的線性相關關係；相對無因次流速與相對消能率、相對弗勞德數（Froude number）與相對消能率之間線性關係的斜率均隨跌落數的增大而增大，相對無因次流速與相對弗勞德數之間線性關係的斜率為一定值；當跌落數一定時，相對水力參數之間線性關係的斜率幾乎不隨臺階高度的變化而變化。通過定量分析，給出了臺階式溢洪道相對水力參數間線性相關關係的回歸方程式。結合臺階式溢洪道相對水力參數之間較強的線性相關性及光滑溢洪道成熟的水力計算理論，在臺階式溢洪道滑行流複雜水力特性計算方面有著較好的發展前景。

關鍵字

臺階式溢洪道 ； 試驗研究 ； 滑行流 ； 相對水力參數 ； 線性相關關係

並列摘要

The stepped spillway has been widely studied and applied in water conservancy engineering because of its ability to eliminate most of the energy, greatly reduce the size of the downstream stilling basin, and save engineering quantity and investment. In view of the complicated flow characteristics of stepped spillway, this paper introduced the relative hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway skimming flow by comparing stepped spillway with smooth spillway of the same shape. Based on the hydraulic model test of Simutasi Hydropower Station and the experimental data in Jin Jin's paper, the relationship between the conventional hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway and the influence of drop number on the relationship between the conventional hydraulic parameters were analyzed at first. Then the same experimental data were used to analyze the relationship between the relative hydraulic parameters of the stepped spillway and the influence of the drop number on the relationship between the relative hydraulic parameters. The conventional hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway showed complex curve relationship, and the influence of drop number on the relationship between conventional hydraulic parameters was also complex. However, there was a good linear correlation between the relative hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway. The slope of the linear relationship between the relative dimensionless velocity and the relative energy dissipation rate, the relative Froude number and the relative energy dissipation rate increased with the increase of the drop number. The slope of the linear relationship between the relative dimensionless velocity and the relative Froude number was a constant value. When the drop number was constant, the slope of the linear relationship between the relative hydraulic parameters hardly changed with the change of the step height. Through quantitative analysis, the regression equation of linear correlation between relative hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway was given. Combined with the strong linear correlation between the relative hydraulic parameters of stepped spillway and the mature hydraulic calculation theory of smooth spillway, it has a good development prospect in the calculation of complex hydraulic characteristics of skimming flow in stepped spillways.

並列關鍵字

Stepped spillway ； Experimental study ； Skimming flow ； Relative hydraulic parameters ； Linear correlation