嘉南地區加強灌溉管理實務探討

Enhance the Management of Irrigation in CHIA-NAN Area

吳瑞賢(Ray-Shyan Wu) ； 鄭安成(An-Cheng Jheng) ； 吳幸娟(Hsing-Chuan Wu)

《農業工程學報》 68卷1期 (2022/03) Pp. 39-55

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.202203_68(1).0004

摘要

臺灣的農業用水為各項標的中最多，約占比70%。面對水資源匱乏的情況下，如何有效的調配農業水資源，透過加強灌溉管理下合理水量運用，以達到節水之功效，為重要課題。本研究探討嘉南區域的農業水資源系統，以分析曾文－烏山頭水庫灌溉系統對嘉南地區施行既定灌溉制度以及在水庫水情不佳下施行加強灌溉用水管理實務下比較分析。以西鹿草小組為例，透過田間水文分析，建立合理灌溉水量調配模式以及田間水平衡方程式，評估水文因子變化量對灌溉管理之影響，並說明加強灌溉管理實務操作下之節水效益。結果顯示實施加強灌溉管理操作下，2014年至2018年間一期稻作平均可減少灌溉水深34%，有效雨量可提升26%，入滲量減少29%，以2018年一期作水稻為例，實際操作資料顯示灌溉水深與灌溉計畫相比減少636.8 mm。進一步進行該次灌溉情況下，實施加強灌溉管理之合理水量與停灌面積之探討，結果顯示合理停灌面積為該次耕作面積之20%，若於灌溉第60日起因灌溉水量不足，則建議停灌面積為耕作面積之40%。

關鍵字

灌溉管理 ； 系統動力模式

並列摘要

Taiwan's agricultural water accounts for about 70% of the total water consumption. In the face of water scarcity, enhancing management of irrigation can save substantial water resource. This study explores the agricultural water resources system in Chianan (Chiayi and Tainan) region. Taking into the discussion on Current Irrigation System and Strengthening Water Management methods, this study applies system dynamic model to establish irrigation water management model, combining rainfall and irrigated water. This study indicates in the case of enhancing management, reduce irrigation water depth by 33%, effective rainfall by 26%, and infiltration by 29%. The first rice crop period in 2018, the actual irrigation depth was 636.8 mm lower than the plan. The results show that the reasonable irrigation-free area should be 20% of the irrigation area. If the amount of irrigation water is insufficient on the 60th day of irrigation period, 40% of the area is suggested to be irrigation-free.

並列關鍵字

Irrigation management ； System dynamic model ； Irrigation association

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