臺灣合理灌溉用水量推估

On estimation of Irrigation Water Consumption in Taiwan

吳瑞賢(Ray-Shyan Wu) ； 吳幸娟(Hsing-Chuan Wu) ； 馬郁棻(Yu-Fen Ma)

《農業工程學報》 68卷4期 (2022/12) Pp. 18-34

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.202212_68(4).0001

摘要

本研究透過分析相關文獻在桃園、彰化及嘉南地區的研究結果，探討一期作田間需水量、有效雨量及排水量，並分析桃園、彰化及嘉南管理處的灌溉計畫書，探討各管理處間田間需水量與計畫用水量的差異，並推估其損失率，以及分析桃園、彰化及嘉南管理處之實際用水量，探討各管理處實際用水量與降雨量之關係。文獻上顯示以系統動力模式推估之一期作田間需水量約為1 m水深，以灌溉計畫書所呈現的數據，桃園管理處之田間需水量為1.05 m，彰化管理處之田間需水量為1.77 m，嘉南管理處之田間需水量為1.04 m。根據灌溉計畫，彰化管理處之損失率為36%，相較於桃園及嘉南管理處來得高。河川型灌溉與水庫型灌溉不同，水庫型灌溉能儲存多餘的水量，故當河川於豐水期時，在不影響民生用水、工業用水及下游基流量時，河川型灌溉可增加灌溉用水量，減少抽取地下水，且多餘的水量可補注至地下水。

關鍵字

灌溉管理 ； 作物需水量 ； 灌溉效率 ； 輸水損失

並列摘要

This study explored the water requirements, effective rainfall and drainage of the first crop by analyzing the results of related literature in Taoyuan, Changhua and Chianan Management region. The irrigation plan of Taoyuan, Changhua and Chianan Management Offices, were studied to explored the water requirement and irrigation water consumption of each management office, and estimated the rate of conveyance loss. Furthermore, this study analyzed the actual water consumption of Taoyuan, Changhua and Chianan Management Offices, and explored the relationship between actual water consumption and rainfall in each management office. It is shown tin the literature that the crop water requirement estimated by using the system dynamic model is around 1 meter of water. According to the irrigation plan, the water requirement of Taoyuan Management region, Changhua Management region, and Chianan Management region are 1.05, 1.77, and 1.4 meters. The loss rate of the Changhua Management region was 36%, which is higher than that of Taoyuan and Chianan Management region. River irrigated area differs from the reservoir irrigated area, which can store surplus water. Therefore, when the river is in a high flow period, without affecting water for household and industry use, it is no longer necessary to limit the irrigation water consumption, which can reduce the extraction of groundwater, in the current time and the excess water can be recharged to groundwater in the future.

並列關鍵字

Irrigation management ； Crop water requirement ； Irrigation efficiency ； Channel loss

參考文獻

He, G., Wang, Z., and Cui, Z., “Managing irrigation water for sustainable rice production in China,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 245, February, 2020.

Li, Jiamin, Inanaga, S., Li, Z., and Eneji, A. E., “Optimizing irrigation scheduling for winter wheat in the North China Plain,” Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 8-23, July, 2005.

Liu, M., Lin, S., Dannenmann, M., Tao, Y., Saiz, G., Zuo, Q., Sippel, S., Wei, J., Cao, J., Cai, X., Butterbach-Bahl, K., “Do water-saving ground cover rice production systems increase grain yields at regional scales,” Field Crops Research, Vol. 150, pp. 19-28, August, 2013.

Materu, S.T., Shukla, S., Sishodia, R. P., Tarimo, A., and Tumbo, S. D., “Water use and rice productivity for irrigation management alternatives in Tanzania,” Water, Vol. 10, No. 8, August, 2018.

Thakur, A. K., Mohanty, R. K., Patil, D. U., and Kumar, A., “Impact of water management on yield and water productivity with system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting system in rice,” Paddy and Water Environment, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 413-424, October, 2014.