心經之謎：從「手少陰脈獨無腧」談起

The Enigma of Heart Meridian: On ＂Only Heart Meridian does not have Acupuncture Point＂

鄭宛鈞(Wan-Chun Cheng) ； 楊仕哲(Su-Tso Yang)

《思與言：人文與社會科學期刊》 58卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 83-123

摘要

「手少陰脈獨無腧」出自《靈樞．邪客》篇，該篇提到因為心為五臟六腑之大主，故諸邪之侵犯心者，都是傷在心包絡，而一般治療心病都取手厥陰心包經的穴位，是以「手少陰脈獨無腧」。對於「手少陰脈獨無腧」這個議題，歷代醫家、學者著重在「少陰之脈獨無腧」而以手厥陰之腧代替，並且以心包代心受邪的角度來看待此概念。至於「手少陰脈獨無腧」的「腧」字所指涉的是針灸的腧穴還是五輸穴，由於輸、俞、腧三字通假的情形在醫經中不可謂少見，因此「腧」字在這裡的意義亦未成為研究者討論的重點。本文嘗試交互討論出土文物和傳世醫籍，藉此分析「手少陰脈獨無腧」的概念以及心經的穴道、徑路之謎。研究後發現，「手少陰脈獨無腧」的意思很有可能表示唯獨手少陰脈不具備完整的五輸穴。

關鍵字

手少陰脈 ； 手厥陰脈 ； 心包 ； 代心受邪 ； 神門

並列摘要

The verse, ＂only heart meridian does not have acupuncture point＂, was recorded in the chapter of External Evil Qi of the canon of Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot). It mentioned that the heart is like the king among the visceral organs. When the external evil qi attacks the heart, the pericardium is hurt instead. Thus, the acupuncture points of pericardium meridian is used to treat heart diseases for treatment. As for the explanation of this verse, most renounced doctors and scholar stress on the concept that the pericardium would take the place of heart when evil attacks occur as the guards protecting the king. Concerning the ＂acupuncture point＂ in the verse, whether it meant the general acupuncture points or five transport points is a matter worthy of discussion. The phenomenon of phonetic loan character is quite common in ancient Chinese medical texts. This study analyzed the unearthed cultural relics, ancient medical cannons, and ancient medical texts to solve the hidden meaning of the verse and the enigma of the acupuncture points and path of the heart meridian. In conclusion, we found that the verse, ＂only heart meridian does not have acupuncture point＂, most likely meant the heart meridian does not contain a complete set of five transport points.

並列關鍵字

Hand Shao-Yin Meridian ； Hand Jue-Yin Meridian ； Pericardium ； Hurt by Evil Instead of Eart ； Shenmen

參考文獻

（周）管仲撰，（唐）房玄齡注，（明）劉積增注（1986）。《管子》，《二十二子》。上海：上海古籍。

（戰國）孟子撰，（漢）趙岐註，（宋）孫奭疏（1978）。《孟子》，《孟子註疏》下冊。臺北：中國子學名著集成編印基金會。

（周）鬼谷子撰，（梁）陶弘景注（1978）。《鬼谷子四種》，臺北：中國子學名著集成編印基金會。

（漢）劉安撰，（漢）高琇注，（清）莊逵吉校（1986）。《淮南子》，《二十二子》。上海：上海古籍。

（漢）董仲舒（1986）。《春秋繁露》，《二十二子》。上海：上海古籍。